PRACTICAL WORKS 9-10
Read the text and underline its main idea. Give a brief summary of the text:
Text 5C. Transmission
The need for а transmission in an automobile is а consequence of the characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Engines typically operate over а range of 600 to about 7 000 revolutions per minute (this is typically less for diesel engines), while the car’s wheels rotate between 0 rpm and around 2 500 rpm. Furthermore, the engine provides its highest torque outputs approximately in the middle of its range, while often the greatest torque is required when the vehicle is moving from rest or travelling slowly. Therefore, а system that transforms the engine’s output so that it can supply high torque at low speeds, but also operate at highway speeds with the motor still operating within its limits, is required. Transmissions perform this transformation.
Most transmissions and gears used in automotive and truck applications are contained in а cast iron case, though sometimes aluminum is used for lower weight. There are several shafts working as а team. The mainshaft extends outside the case in both directions: the input shaft towards the engine, and the output shaft towards the rear axle (on rear wheel drive cars). The shaft is suspended by the main bearings, and is split towards the input end. At the point of the split, а pilot bearing holds the shafts together. The gears and clutches ride on the mainshaft, the gears being free to turn relative to the main shaft except when engaged by the clutches. Also there exist а countershaft and аn idler shaft.
