Test 10

Read the texts below. Choose the correct variants. There are three choices you don't need to use.

STRESS REDUCTION TIPS

1. _____                                     [Take a medicine if necessary, Consult a specialist, Change your attitudes, Write down the tasks to be done, Develop relationships, Relax at times, Keep moving mentally and physically, Travel to some distant place]

   "When the pressure and stress of the semester begins to build and you can't imagine how you can possibly accomplish everything you need to do, make a list. Put everything that needs to be done on the list, including class assignments, grocery shopping, laundry and even partying. This will help you to be more organized and remember everything you need to do.

   - By Sue Amendolar

2. ______                                      [Take a medicine if necessary, Consult a specialist, Change your attitudes, Write down the tasks to be done, Develop relationships, Relax at times, Keep moving mentally and physically, Travel to some distant place]

   "We all know the importance of maintaining a car. We can push it to the limit, but sooner or later it starts to run poorly. Unfortunately, we tend to forget these simple truths when they're applied to college life. We ignore warning signs such as decreased productivity and a negative attitude. Personal maintenance may include very simple activities such as taking a walk in the snow or having dinner with a friend."

   - By Gary LaBine

3. _____                                     [Take a medicine if necessary, Consult a specialist, Change your attitudes, Write down the tasks to be done, Develop relationships, Relax at times, Keep moving mentally and physically, Travel to some distant place]

   "Did you know that college students are considered one of the most depressed and lonely groups when compared to the general population? Often students try to deal with these problems with parties and drinking. Instead, look to friends, professors, religion, or anything that will have personal meaning to you. There are so many worthwhile activities at your university just waiting for you to discover them. You will be surprised how many people are looking for the same type of interaction you need

   - By Tacie Thomas

4. ______                                      [Take a medicine if necessary, Consult a specialist, Change your attitudes, Write down the tasks to be done, Develop relationships, Relax at times, Keep moving mentally and physically, Travel to some distant place]

   "Have you ever thought about the influence of the person you see in the mirror? It takes a mature person to honestly evaluate themselves. Some of us have told ourselves or were told by others that we didn't possess the qualities of a good student. It then becomes easy to quit trying Cast aside those behaviors that make school unnecessarily harder and limit your potential. Start today."

   - By Roy Shinn

5. ______                                      [Take a medicine if necessary, Consult a specialist, Change your attitudes, Write down the tasks to be done, Develop relationships, Relax at times, Keep moving mentally and physically, Travel to some distant place]

   "When the pressure seems to be getting to you, don't reach for the aspirin bottle. Try one of these instant stress relievers. Take six deep breaths. Visit the Bahama s or any other pleasant place through your imagination. Walk to the window, watch the birds. Exercise and stretching will improve your mind. Find something or someone who will make you laugh.

   - By Casey Tierry

Read the text below. Choose the correct answer for questions.

WHO INVENTED CHEWING GUM?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna , who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Ann a told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousands of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams built a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adams was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

1. Which of the following is NOT stated in paragraph 1?

                                            [W. Semple was never able to sell his gum, People chew a substance made by bees, The 1st gum's patent belongs to a doctor, Curtis invented chewinggum while cooking]

2. According to the passage Thomas Adams...                                         [took photos of Santa Anna, was going to produce rubber things, bought a ship from his Mexican friends, was developing chewing gum for a year]

3. Which of the following is TRUE of Santa Anna?

                                        [He was forced to leave Mexico., He defended the people of Texas., He knew the Mexicans' habits well., He made a lot of money selling gum.]

4. The chewing gum as we know it today ...                                          [was made in a drugstore, appeared due to a chance, was a result of a 50-year research, would have been impossible without Beema]

5. Gum got extremely popular when...                                        [balsams were added to chicle, it was sold together with popcorn, its taste was variegated by W. White, chicle wa s combined with paraffin wax]

Read the texts below. Choose the correct variants. There are two choices you don't need to use.

1. Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Brogdale Road, Faversham. Tel: (01795) 53528 Brogdale is home to the National Fruit Collection with over 2,300 different varieties of apples in 150 acres of beautiful Kentish countryside. Large free car park, licensed Tea Rooms, specialist plant Centre. Group discounts. Open 9.30am - 5.30pm every day except Christmas.

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

2. The Hill House

   This four-story English basement dwelling in Olde Towne contains the original furnishings collected by generations of the Hill family. Built in the early 1800's, it is the only home of its kind in Portsmouth open regularly to the public. Open Wed., Sat., Sun. l-5pm. Admission is 1$. North Street in Olde Towne. 393- 0241 .

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

3. Preston Street, Faversham. Tel: (01795) 534542. A 15th century former inn, housing a museum which brings 1000 years of Faversham's history to life. Extensive range of souvenirs and books about Kent. Starting point for Saturday morning guided tours of Faversham throughout the summer. Opening times: Monday to Saturday 10 am - 4pm, Sundays 10am - 1 pm. Favershom - 5 minutes.

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

4. Kent Wildlife Trust. Oar e Marshes - internationally important area for birds. Atmospheric coastal and marshland walks. Birdwatching hides. Watch Hous e - converted old customs outpost overlooking the Swale estuary with displays on the fascinating wildlife and history of the North Kent Marshes. Opening times: Weekends and Bank Holidays 11 am - 5pm or dusk. Admission free.

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

5. Hemhill, near Faversham. Tel: (01227; 751496. Spectacular house and gardens set in the heart of an 800 acre estate. Open spaces for children to play. Wine on sale produced from Mount Ephraim's vineyards. Opening times 1999: Easter -end September 1 pm - 6 pm. Bank Holidays 11 am - 6 pm. Open daily except Tuesdays and Fridays. Gift shop, Craft Centre (Sundays only) and licensed tea room.

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

6. Portside Festival Marketplace

   For a quick bite between sights at Olde Towne, try one of the casual open-air eateries at Portside. From steamed shrimp to pizza to Greek fare to frozen desserts—you'll love the festive atmosphere and entertainment 393-5111.

                                            [You'll see articles bought for rooms, Your kids will have a fun there, You could have a snack and relax there, You'll pay less if you visit in company, You will see famous pieces of art, It used to be a small hotel years ago, There is a world famous clock collection, You don't have to pay for the visit]

Read the text below. Choose one variant which best fits each space .

PROM AND HOMECOMING

"Prom" is the name for a special dance held at the end of the high school academi c year. Traditionally the prom is a special night for the junior and senior classes. Younger guests may go to the prom only ______                                        [to celebrate the romantic even, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, who they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] . Prom is a memorable and important night for most high school students. Some feel that it is the most romantic night of their lives and the highlight of their senior year!

Shopping for the prom dress ____                                       [to celebrate the romantic event, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, who they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] . Both girls and boys wear formal. Sometimes there is a prom theme and couples dress according to the theme . The prom festivities generally include dinner and a dance. The prom is often held at the school; ___                                        [to celebrate the romantic event, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, wh o they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] or - more unusual venues such as a cruise boat to host prom night. A prom king and queen are announced and crowned during the night. Traditionally the prom queen and king are chosen by their fellow students. Campaigns are held in the weeks before the prom and cast votes for _____                                        [to celebrate the romantic event, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, who they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] . The king and the queen are crowned and dance together to celebrate their election.

Homecoming is another annual academic tradition that happens in high 11 and colleges. Homecoming is largely associated with football. People, towns, high schools and colleges come together, usually in late September or October, ____                                       [to celebrate the romantic event, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, wh o they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] . The activities consist of a football game played on the school's football field, activities for students and alumni, _____                                       [to celebrate the romantic event, however, some schools rent ballrooms, to welcome back alumni, can be an event of its own, a parade featuring the marching band, wh o they want to be king and queen, who they invite to the prom, if their date is a junior or a senior] , and the coronation of a homecoming queen and king, similar to the prom queen and king.

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty spaces choose the correct answer.

Although it appears that a flamingo's knees bend backward, they do not. The middle leg joint that appears to be a knee is ___           [actually, frankly, clearly, exactly] an ankle. A flamingo's knees are higher up and hidden beneath its feathers. Its __           [stretched, lengthy, long, big] legs bend the same ___           [means, technique, style, way] as ours but its body _____           [pieces, parts, bits, portions] are in different proportions.

Ancient Romans ______               [considered, estimated, demonstrated, meant] flamingo tongues to be a great delicacy.

The only ______          [sort, family, species, style] of flamingo with yellow legs and feet is the Andean flamingo. It also has a red spot between its nostrils.

A flamingo eats with its head upside down. It scoops up water and mud and ____        [tries, uses, makes, shows] its large tongue to pump the solution through a filter in its beak that catches the food. A flamingo can filter up to 20 beakfuls of water in ____         [hardly, simply, exactly, just] one second.

Flamingos always walk on their toes.

Whether standing in water or on land, a flamingo can stand for hours on one leg, with the other leg ______            [folded, gathered, picked, collected] under its belly and the head laid along its back.

Flamingos are very noisy. They ______           [say, announce, make, compose] sounds such as nasal honking, grunting, and growling.

A flamingo can live to be over 50 years old.

Read the texts below. For each of the empty spaces choose the correct answer.

The brain has ____               [rough, roughly, rougher, much rougher] 100 billion brain cells. There is no scientific ____             [evidences, evidence's, evidence, evidences'] that older people can't learn new things. It may sometimes take them a little longer, but they retain the new information as well as younger people.

Your brain has enough storage capacity to record 10 million books.

Current brain research indicates that if you ______             [have kept, kept, would keep, keep] your brain active, you will remain mentally sharp regardless of aging.

A signal from one brain neuron to another travels at about 200 mph.

Many scientists believe that the brain is ____                    [most complex, the most complex, still more complex, more complex] structure in the ____          [know, knowing, known, be known] universe.

During the late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, Celtic influence gradually ___                  [spreading, spread, had spread, had been spread] north and west from Austria and Switzerland to Britain and Ireland. Early in the 5th century ____     [-, a, the, an] King Arthur fought on the side of the Romano-British Celts against the Anglo-Saxons.

Celtic society ____                 [being organized, organized, was organized, been organized] in tribes, each of which had a king or chief. There were three social orders: warriors and ___             [noblemen, nobleman, noblemen's, nobleman's] , druids (learned people), and ordinary people. The druids included priests, doctors, musicians and the most _____         [highly, higher, high, highest] skilled craftsmen.