ZNO. Reading and Grammar test. / Task 5 and 9.

Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Who invented chewing gum?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Anna told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousand of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams build a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adam was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

Which of the following is NOT stated in paragraph 1?

Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Who invented chewing gum?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Anna told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousand of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams build a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adam was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

According to the passage Thomas Adams __________ .

Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Who invented chewing gum?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Anna told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousand of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams build a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adam was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

Which of the following is TRUE of Santa Anna?

Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Who invented chewing gum?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Anna told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousand of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams build a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adam was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

The chewing gum as we know it today __________ .

Read the text below. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Who invented chewing gum?

Humans have been chewing on something since the dawn of history, usually sap (resin) from various trees or wax. In 1848, John Curtis made the first gum in the United States when he cooked resin from a spruce tree on his wood-burning stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for chewing gum was given to William Semple, a dentist in Ohio, who invented a gum to exercise the jaws and stimulate the gums. It never sold, probably because it was made primarily of rubber.

The invention of gum, as we know it today, came about because of the friendship of two men, Thomas Adams, a photographer, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had defeated the Texans at the Alamo. When Santa Anna was exiled from Mexico, he lived with Adams on Staten Island, New York. Adams had tried different schemes to make money but all had failed. Santa Anna told him of an idea that could make Adams wealthy. He told him of a gummy substance that people in Mexico had been chewing for thousand of years. It was called chicle, the milky sap from the sapodilla tree that grows in the tropical rain forests of Central America. But gum was not on either's mind. The plan was to blend chicle and rubber together to make cheaper tires, toys, and rainboots.

Santa Anna had his friends in Mexico ship a ton of chicle to Adams. Although he laboured for about a year, every one of his experiments failed. He had not been able to blend chicle and rubber. A vast amount of useless chicle was stored in his warehouse and Adams decided to throw it all into the river.

By sheer luck, Adams happened to go into a drugstore and saw a little girl buy some paraffin wax chewing gum. He remembered that Santa Anna had told him that Mexicans chewed chicle. Inspired, Adams started making unflavored pure chicle gum. It sold extremely well and Adams build a thriving business.

Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore owner in Louisville, Kentucky, was selling a gum he made from balsam tree sap and flavored with powdered sugar. He had heard of how successful Thomas Adam was, so he ordered 100 pounds of chicle. He started making Taffy Tolu Chewing Gum, which was so successful that he sold his drugstore and devoted his time to manufacturing chewing gum.

A breakthrough in gum manufacture occurred when a popcorn salesman, William J. White, started experimenting with a barrel of chicle a friend had given him. He discovered how to flavor gum. Chicle does not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He combined flavors, such as peppermint, with corn syrup and then blended the mixture with the chicle.

In 1899, the major gum manufacturers united to become the American Chicle Company. William White was president and Thomas Adams, Jr., was chairman of the board. You might see some of their brands today, such as Black Jack and Beeman's.

People have been chewing gum ever since.

Gum got extremely popular when __________ .

Thanksgiving

        Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November. For many Americans it is 1) __________           [most, more, the most, much more]important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices and most businesses close for Thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North America. In 1620 the ship the Mayflower arrived, 2)              [brought, had brought, bringing, was bringing]about 150 people who today are usually called Pilgrims. They arrived at the beginning of a very hard winter and could not find enough to eat. But in the following summer Native Americans showed them what foods were safe to eat, 3)        [so, before, after, since] that they could save food for the next winter. They held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans for the fact that they 4)               [survived, had survived, were survived, have survived]. Today people celebrate Thanksgiving 5)             [remember, to remember, remembered, remembers]these early days.

CROSSWORDS

Crosswords, or crossword puzzles, first               [have appeared, appears, had appeared, appeared] in the US in the early 20th century. Today, many people in the US and in Britain regularly do crosswords.

         [Solving, To solve, Solve, Solution] a crossword involves answering a set of clues. There are two basic types of crossword,             [called, are called, calling, have called] in Britain quick crosswords and cryptic crosswords. In quick crosswords the clues are usually definitions of the answers. This is much the most common type of crossword in the US, where the grids are usually a lot bigger.

Cryptic crosswords, which began in Britain and are much more popular there than in any other country, have clues which contain both a definition of the answer      [or, with, and, nor] a word puzzle involving the letters in it. One common type of word puzzle is an anagram, in which the letters of the answer word are rearranged in the clues to form           [other, the other, another, others] word or phrase.