Use of English.

Read the text below. For questions (1 - 5) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

The Benefits of Digging in the Dirt

Nature schools are helping make outdoor play a priority for a generation of kids suffering from nature-deficit disorder. Nowadays, children enter kindergarten having watched, on average, 5,000 hours of television. iPads, iPhones, and the push to show early academic achievement by memorising shapes and colours from the age of two, has pulled them away from creative play and the open air. In his 2005 book Last Child in the Woods, journalist Richard Louvre argued that children need to unplug themselves from their computers and smart phones and reconnect with the original way of learning about the world: by wandering around outside. The book, naturally, was a big hit with environmentalists. So, last summer I enrolled my year-and-a-half-old daughter in a parent-child class at the Brooklyn Forest School in Prospect Park. We walked to the park once a week and met up with other families to pour some water on dirt to make mud, poke a stick in the water, and sing songs. The forest school is not a new concept, and programmes like this one are becoming increasingly popular. Studies show that in schools with an environmental education component, students score higher on tests in maths, reading, writing, and listening than their non-nature-exposed mates. Other positive effects include improved critical thinking, problem solving, and cooperation. And there are health benefits, too: kids who play outside more often are less likely to develop illnesses. On some days last summer, when it was extremely hot I told myself we could just do this on our own without paying for it. After all, many of our activities mirrored those of my own childhood. As we walked through the park, I accidentally spilled some water and I thought to employ a lesson from forest school: make mud. We took turns squishing the mud, spreading it on the bark of a nearby tree, and picking out leaves to stick to our "sculpture." Since then, my daughter increasingly stops while we are walking the dog in the park and sits down to get dirty in leaf piles. There is a lot of pasting clumps of dirt onto exposed tree roots, and a lot of curious glances from passersby. It is often hard to get her to leave her mud creations behind, and we are both happier for it.

1. What does the author say about kids entering kindergartens?   [A, B, C, D]

A They go to nature schools at the age of two.

B They develop creative skills through technology.

C They use gadgets instead of playing outside.

D They have problems with remembering things .

2. What is stated in the text about Richard Louvre's book?   [A, B, C, D]

A It compares computers and smart phones.

B It describes methods of teaching science.

C It raises problems of forest protection.

D It enjoys great popularity with ecologists.

3. Which of the following is TRUE about the Brooklyn Forest School?   [A, B, C, D]

A It is an innovation in the field of education.

B It teaches its students how to plant trees.

C It offers a course lasting a year and a half.

D It involves parents in the process of learning.

4. Which benefit of schools with an environmental education component is WOT mentioned in the text?   [A, B, C, D]

A increased study motivation.

B higher academic performance.

C improved interactional skills.

D better physical condition.

5. How does the author spend time with her daughter?   [A, B, C, D]

A They take care of homeless dogs.

B They gather beautiful leaves in parks.

C They take lessons of mud sculpture.

D They enjoy themselves playing with mud.

Read the text below. Choose from (A - H) the one which best fits each of (1 -6). There are two choices you do not need to use.

The Coca-Cola Sprite Boy

In the early 1940s, an elf-like cartoon figure - a sprite - made his appearance in magazines advertising Coca-Cola. Sprite Boy, who was the first face used to brand Coca-Cola, came about because of (1 )   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]__________ .Although the brand's name was "Coca-Cola," many people had given it the nickname "Coke" instead. At the time, the company discouraged the use of "Coke," but people continued to use the name. The company finally accepted it and in June 1941, the abbreviation "Coke" was used for the first time in magazine ads. The campaign began (2)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]_________ . The elfin character Sprite Boy appeared in ads with a mischievous smile, often with stars around him (3)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]__________ . Only the head and hands of Sprite Boy were shown - never a body. Sprite Boy was often used in advertising wearing two hats - a bottle cap and a soda jerk's hat - (4)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]__________ .

items featuring Sprite Boy have always been popular with those (5)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]__________ . Sprite Boy was featured on advertising and promotional materials, appearing on signs, cartons, posters, docks, toys, and games until 1953. The character also helped support the introduction of king-sized packaging (6)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]__________ .

A to represent both sides of the Coca-Cola business

B who appeared in magazine ads

C what the company perceived as a problem in the marketplace

D representing his sparkling personality and the bubbles in Coke

E who collect Coca-Cola memorabilia

F what the advertising image of Sprite Boy symbolized

G to connect the names "Coke" and "Coca-Cola" with Sprite Boy

H until he was phased out of advertising by 1957-58

Read the text below. For questions (1-10) choose the correct answer.

Talkative Ads

Personalised ads and other rewards are the latest chapter in a new campaign for Tim Tams, where the marketing effort is (1)              [tried for, led to, aimed at, designed for]_________ getting people to talk among themselves about the brand. Backed by the idea of social creativity, the "Truly, Madly Tim Tam" campaign uses a (2)              [combination , variation , collection, association]_________ of social networking sites, online video, live marketing events, TV and print ads. The first TV ad in the campaign went to (3)            [air, space , sky, atmosphere]_________ this week, with a video of the recent Tim Tam orchard in Sydney, where more than 100,000 Tim Tam biscuits were (4)        [put, hung , fixed , tied]_________ from trees, ready to be (5)           [accepted , picked , received , dropped]__________ . The idea for the orchard came from Tim Tam's Facebook page, where one fan had posted a wish that Tim Tams grew on trees. As well as the TV ad, this stage of the campaign (6)          [invites, admits, involves, employs]_________ rewarding people who were quick to like the orchard event online. In most cases a(n) (7)           [scheme , model , instance , version]_________ of the ad with people's names in it will be posted on their Facebook page. "Word of (8)         [mouth , tongue , voice , lips]_________ is the best medium of all and social creativity takes that to a new (9)         [range , degree , level, grade]_________ ," Mr. Brown, the managing director of the company said. Mr. Brown said Tim Tams were ideally (10)               [suited to , related to , provided for, qualified for]_________ this philosophy of advertising because they were so well loved by consumers with most people feeling some ownership over the brand.