Texts 12, 13, 20

Text 12. Sport in Britain

The British are regarded to be stolid and phlegmatic. True or not, their traditional sports are rather slow and effortless. A good example of such a sport is darts, a popular game played in pubs in which short steel darts are thrown at a circular board with the aim of scoring a particular number of points.

As darts is popular among the working class, golf is played by the upper classes. This is an old Scottish game for two or four persons who hit small hard balls with special golf-clubs into 9 or 18 holes on a mown ground called a golf-course.

Cricket is even more sophisticated. The cricketers are usually men traditionally wearing white clothes. The game is played by two teams of 11 people on a mown grass field with special bats and wickets.

The English also like snooker (very similar to billiards) and bowls, a game in which a heavy wooden ball is rolled over a lawn in such a way that it stops as close as possible to a small white ball.

Another British sport is polo (reserved for the elite), a ball game played on horseback with mallets.

The sports mentioned above may be considered as typically British but it does not mean that they are the most popular ones. The vast majority of British people take part in individual sports such as swimming, cycling, fishing, aerobics or just walking. However, only 10 per cent of adults practise sports regularly, Others prefer watching sports on TV, The favourite spectator sports are football (the national game), rugby, athletics and tennis.

Test 377

Mark the correct variant.

1. How can you characterize British traditional sports?

                          [A. fast and attractive, B. slow and effortless, C. uninteresting, D. progressive and modern]

2. What game is very popular in pubs?

                  [A. cards playing, B. chess, C. darts, D. bowls]

3. What is an old Scottish game for two or four persons?

            [A. cricket, B. golf, C. snooker, D. bowls]

4. What kind of game is cricket?

                    [A. easy, B. sophisticated, C. individual, D. one team playing]

5. What sport is reserved for the elite?

                 [A. cricket, B. cards playing, C. bowls, D. polo]

6. What clothes should you wear when you play cricket?

          [A. white, B. yellow, C. green, D. black]

7. What another individual sports are popular in Great Britain?

                           [A. snooker and bowls, B. basketball and aerobics, C. cricket, D. golf]

8. What sports do you associate with Britain?

                     [A. football, rugby, B. aerobics, walking, C. shooting, D. running]

9. How many English people practise sports regularly?

               [A.20 percent, B. 10 percent, C. 30 percent, D. 5 percent]

10. What is English national game?

                [A. boxing, B. football, C. ski jumping, D. skating]

Test 378

Mark the correct variant to complete the sentence.

1. A person who plays football is called ...

                        [A. a footballist, B. a player of football, C. a football player, D. a footballer]

2. A person who plays tennis is called ....

                       [A. a tennisist, B. a tennis player, C. a player of tennis, D. a tenniser]

3. A person who plays golf is called ....

                    [A. a golfist, B. a player of golf, C. a golf player, D. a golfer]

4. A person who plays cricket is called ‘...

                       [A. a cricketist, B. a player of cricket, C. a cricket player, D. a cricketer]

5. A person who rides a bicycle is called .

             [A. a cyclist, B. a rider, C. a driver, D. a cycler]

Test 379

Match the words with their correct definitions.

1. The place each sport is played.   [A, B, C, D, E]

2. The people involved in each game.   [A, B, C, D, E]

3. The equipment the players need.   [A, B, C, D, E]

4. The number of points that each team or player has won in a game or competition,   [A, B, C, D, E]

5. A group of people who play a game or sport together against another group.   [A, B, C, D, E]

A. score

B. players

C. team

D. a racket, ball, bat

E. stadium

Test 380

Match two parts of the word gray. Mark them in the table.

1. a boxing   [A, B, C, D, E] A. rink

2. a running   [A, B, C, D, E] B. court

3. a skating   [A, B, C, D, E] C. ring

4. a tennis   [A, B, C, D, E] D. table

5. a billiard   [A, B, C, D, E] E. track

Text 13. The Role of Television, Computers, and Books in Our Life

As far/as books and computers are concerned, I can say in my firm confidence that computers will never replace books. First, because they fulfil different functions. It’s true that both books and computers contain information. But one computer is worth the whole library. So, perhaps, computers will replace reference books because it's quicker and easier to find the necessary information in the computer than in the reference books, But I am sure computers can’t be compared with fiction.

Historical novels, adventure books, detective stories, science fiction, romance, poems which we read for pleasure or if they are recommended by teachers to create a special atmosphere. They take us into the imaginary world of high human emotions, exciting relations, A computer can help you in reading these books without turning the pages but working on the computer demands certain effort. In my opinion it is impossible to read ‘The Master and Margaret’ on the screen. We'll lack something important — the invisible contact with the writer.

As to TV, its role is expressed in the proverb: ‘It’s better to see than to hear’. Screen versions of literary masterpieces add much to our understanding the author and arouse unforgettable emotions.

But the books are the greatest wonders in the world, which bring us knowledge and information.

Through centuries and distances we can keep in touch with the greatest ideas in the Universe.

Test 381

Mark the correct variant.

1. It is quicker and easier to find the necessary information ....   [A, B, C, D]

A. watching TV B. in the computer

C. in the reference book D. in the encyclopedia

2. Books bring us ....   [A, B, C, D]

A. pleasure B. knowledge and information

C. boredom D. irritation

3. Screen versions of literary masterpieces add much to our understanding ....   [A, B, C, D]

A. of the author’s intent B. the art of the film production

C. the problems of film making industry

D. the author and arouse unforgettable impressions

4. In the recent years there has been ....   [A, B, C, D]

A. the fall in the amount of time spent watching TV

B. the increase in the amount of time spent listening to the radio .

C. the increase in the amount of time spent watching TV

D. the fall in the amount of time spent working on the computer

5. Radio and TV contribute to...   [A, B, C, D]

A. the increase of radio-and-TV-set production

B. the development of the economy

C. the decrease of radio-and-TV-set production

D. the development of show business

Text 20. Vegetarians

The word 'vegetarian' was coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons, or both. But the practice is much older than that. Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practised it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy and Voltaire, Milton, Newton and Bernard Shaw. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh foods. What are the arguments that might stop us from eating meat?

Man's body is more like those of fruit-eating animals (such as our 'cousins' the apes) than like those of flesh- eating animals. For millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive system. Perhaps the more we move away from this diet towards meat-eating, the less likely we are to be healthy Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.

A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few dairy products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal. It is worth considering how wasteful meat-eaters are with land. A meat-eater needs about three times as much land to support himself and his animals as a vegetarian does. For every 45 kilos of dry food eaten by cattle only 1,8 -7,3 kilos come back as food for us humans- an expensive method of producing food.

Test 405

Mark the correct variant.

1. When was the word ‘vegetarian’ coined?

            [A. in 1842, B. in 1845, C. in 1840, D. in 1848]

2. What did it mean?

                                      [A. people who ate flesh foods, B. people who didn’t eat flesh foods, C. people who ate vegetables, D. people who ate fruit]

3. Who recommended ‘vegetarianism in ancient times? Afr

                       [A. Greek philosophers, B. Roman philosophers, C Latin philosophers, D. French philosophers]

4. What famous English people practise vegetarianism in the past?

                                 [A. Tolstoy and Voltaire, B.Newton, ‘Milton and B. Show, C. Jane Fonda and S. Stallone, D. Leo Dicaprio and Kate Winslet]

5. What are the main arguments that might stop us from eating meat?

                             [A. healthy digestive system, B. ill heart, C. heathy heart, D. ill digestive system]

6. What terrible diseases f° certainly more common jn meat-eating communities?

                              [A. cancer, TB, heart disease, B AIDS, influenza, C. pneumonia, D neuritis]

7. When did the man start eating the flesh of animals? ABCD

                          [A. during the Bronze Age, B. during the lce Age, C. during Renaissance, D. during the World War I]

8. Why did we start eating meat then?   [A, B, C, D]

A. because of the destroying of vegetation

B. because of many diseases

C. because there were no fruit and nuts

D. because there were ‘no vegetables: and grains

9. What does the diet of a vegetarian consist of?   [A, B, C, D]

A. vegetables, fruit

B. vegetables, fruit, grains nuts and a few dairy products

C. grains and nuts

D. grains and leaves

10. What do we get by eating meat?   [A, B, C, D]

A. We are getting the basic food elements secondhand.

B. Weare getting the physical discomfort.

C. We are getting the ‘psychological discomfort

D. We are getting healthy digestive system

Test 406

Mark if the following statements: A) correspond to the contents of the text, B) do not ‘correspond to thecontents of the text.

1. Vegetarians are people who live without killing animals for food, either for moral or health reasons.   [A, B]

2. In ancient times there Were ‘not go many people who practised vegetarianism.   [A, B]

3. These people considered that mental ‘tivity did not depend on flesh food.   [A, B]

4. Man’s body js more like those of fruit-eating animals than like those of flesh-eating animals.   [A, B]

5. For millions ‘of years the man must have Jived on fruit, nuts and leaves.   [A, B]

6. The more we move away from: ‘vegetarianism towards: ‘meat-eating, the Jess we are able to be healthy.   [A, B]

7. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few dairy products can give us all vitamins and minerals we need.   [A, B]

8. We should all eat and drink to be merry.   [A, B]

9. Nutrix is guaranteed to provide a well-balanced daily diet with all the nutrients of conventional food.   [A, B]

10. Most cuts of meat spoken of in English came from ‘polite’ Norman French.   [A, B]

Test 407

Match these international words to their definitions.

1.vegetarian   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

2.moral   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

3.practice   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

4.to recommend   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

5.argument   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

6.to stop   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

7.fruit   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

8.millions   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

9.system   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

10.diet   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J]

A. a situation in which two or more people disagree often angrily

B. not to walk, move, or travel any more or to make smb do this

C. when you do a particular thing, often regularly, in order to improve your skill at it!

D. relating to principles of what is right and wrong behaviour and with difference between good and evil

E. an extremely large number of people or things

F someone who does not ‘eat meat or fish

G. smth that grows on a plant, tree or bush, can be eaten as a food, contains seeds or a stone, and is usually sweet

H. to advise smb to do smth

I. an organized set of ideas, methods or ways of working

J. the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day

Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verb in brackets.

Write down only the predicate

1. Kevin (go)          home by the time I arrived.

2. Ethan suddenly realized that he (leave)          his laptop on the train.

3. Mum was annoyed because I (not clean)                my room.

4. (they / study)             English before they went to the USA?

5. We were hungry because we (not eat)              .

6. My phone didn't work because I (charge)             it.

7. Why didn't you want to watch the film? (you / see)          it before?

8. Sally was embarrassed because she (forget)               her dad's birthday.

Read the sentences and decide where to put Past Simple and Past Perfect.

1. After Fred            [spent, had spent] his holiday in Italy he             [wanted, had wanted] to learn Italian.

2. Jill             [phoned, had phoned] Dad at work before she           [left, had left] for her trip.

3. Susan             [turned on, had turned] the radio after she             [washed, had washed] the dishes.

4. When she              [arrived, had arrived] the match already              [started, had started].

5. After the man           [came, had come] home he          [fed, had fed] the cat.

6. Before he           [sang, had sung] a song he             [played, had played] the guitar.

7. She              [watched, had watched] a video after the children           [went, had gone] to bed.

8. After Eric           [made, had made] breakfast he             [phoned, had phoned] his friend.

9. I           [was, had been] very tired because I              [studied, had studied] too much.

10. They              [rode, had ridden] their bikes before they          [met, had met] their friends.

Correct the grammar mistakes in each sentence. Writhe down only the predicate.

⦁ We had gone      to London because the Queen invited              us for tea.

⦁ When she had started           to learn English, she already learnt              French.

⦁ Jane typed             ten pages when her computer had crashed         .

⦁ By the time he had arrived          at the pub, they ran  out             of beer.

⦁ Before that day we never thought               of going to Japan.

⦁ I knew            him for a long time before I had met     his family.

⦁ They hadn’t known               where to meet because nobody told              them.

⦁ It was            cloudy for days before it finally had begun        to rain.

1. – Which city did you like most? – I enjoyed all of the cities on the tour, but the city … I enjoyed most was Miami, Florida.

        [a)when, b)that, c)where, d)there]

2. This box is … than that one.

                  [a) more heavy, b) the most heavy, c) heavier, d) the heavier]

3. – When did you go to work? – As soon as they came in, we … to work.

              [a) went, b) were going, c) had gone, d) go]

4. He’s listening … the radio.

      [a) at, b) on, c) to, d) -]

5. I’m looking … my hat: I can’t find it anywhere.

         [a) at, b) for, c) after, d) on]

6. John … very hard.

                 [a) he work not, b) doesn’t work, c) not works, d) doesn’t works]

7. Kate hasn’t got … friends.

         [a) a lot, b) much, c) some, d) any]

8. My dog is as fat … an elephant.

         [a) as, b) so, c) than, d) then]

9. He is too foolish … your words.

                 [a) understand, b) to understand, c) understood, d) understanding]

10. … went for a walk.

              [a) He and I, b) Him and me, c) I and he, d) I and him]

11. Whose coat is this? It’s not … .

             [a) mine, b) a my coat, c) of me, d) my]

12. Will you let me … a photograph of you?

        [a) make, b) take, c) do, d) pull]

13. I’ll … .

                       [a) see you all tonight, b) see you tonight all, c) tonight see you all, d) see tonight you all]

14. He … in London at this very moment.

                     [a) will study, b) studies, c) is studying, d) has been studying]

15. I’ve got a new detective story. - … ?

                     [a) What its price, b) How many cost, c) How much was it, d) How much you paid]

16. She was standing by an electric heater, and her nightdress … fire.

          [a) caught, b) had, c) took, d) became]

17. – What about Peter? – He said he … not sure he … come.

               [a) did - could, b) does - can, c) was - could, d) was - can]

18. The woman began to … because her son was late coming home.

           [a) trouble, b) worry, c) care, d) happy]

19. What time did she wake … this morning?

        [a) to, b) up, c) down, d) out]

20. … at Jane’s place during the coming holiday?

                         [a) Are you going to stay, b) Have you stayed, c) Do you stay, d) Did you stay]

21. I … to work when I had a puncture.

                [a) shall drive, b) am driving, c) drove, d) was driving]

22. She took a napkin … her handbag.

        [a) out, b) in, c) from, d) up]

23. Please lock the door when you … .

                  [a) will have left, b) will leave, c) leave, d) leaves]

24. You and I went there together, … ?

              [a) didn’t you, b) didn’t I, c) didn’t we, d) did we]

25. Could you look … the blackboard and read what is on it?.

       [a) to, b) on, c) for, d) at]

26. Go through the door … front of you.

        [a) at, b) on, c) the, d) in]

27. “… good news to me” said Tom.

             [a) There are, b) Those are, c) These are, d) That is]

28. It is very good … you to help us.

        [a) in, b) from, c) on, d) of]

29. I called her yesterday, she … a meal at the time.

                [a) cooked, b) had cooked, c) was cooking, d) will cook]

30. “Quiet please, I …”.

                   [a) am doing a test, b) do a test, c) doing a test, d) does a test]

31. When I was a boy, I … tea to coffee.

                 [a) prefer, b) will prefer, c) preferred, d) had preferred]

32. You will have some ice-cream when you … your dinner.

                    [a) finished, b) finish, c) will finish, d) will be finished]

33. There are more ... in Bristol than in any other city I know.

                   [a) football team, b) footballs team, c) footballs teams, d) football teams]

34. Kate is pretty, but not so pretty … Jenny.

        [a) like, b) so, c) as, d) than]

35. We are waiting … an answer to our letter.

         [a) to, b) for, c) -, d) after]

36. She never talks to … .

           [a) no one, b) anyone, c) nobody, d) someone]

37. - Where are my shoes? - … in the wardrobe.

              [a) They’re, b) There are, c) Their are, d) It’s]

38. Which is … country in the world?

               [a) more bigger, b) bigger, c) the biggest, d) most big]

39. The weather has been bad this week. Next week it will probably be even … .

              [a) more badly, b) worse, c) worst, d) worser]

40. Each of the girls … a lot of toys.

          [a) has, b) have, c) having, d) haves]

41. The children hurt … when they fell.

               [a) themself, b) themselves, c) theirself, d) theirselves]

42. This town … by Queen Elizabeth.

               [a) was found, b) founded, c) found, d) was founded]

43. At what time … ?

                         [a) does the lesson start, b) starts the lesson, c) the lesson starts, d) starting the lesson]

44. He wants to … a phone call to his family.

        [a) make, b) do, c) have, d) put]

45. They’ll certainly come … them.

                  [a) when calling, b) you’re calling, c) if you call, d) do you call]