Test 8

Read the text below. Choose the correct variants to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

1. This is the cardinal rule of shopping. The list represents your grocery needs: the staples you're out of, and the food you need for upcoming meals. Whe n you stray from the list, you're buying on impulse, and that's how shopping trips get out of control.                                      [Check your receipt, Go during slow times, Go shopping less often, Write down everything you need, Avoid trips to the corner store, Shop on a full stomach, Don't buy junk food, Don't examine things you don't need]

2. Each time you enter the grocery store is another chance to spend — almost inevitably, you buy more than one item. By reducing the frequency of your visits to the store, you're saving money, time and fuel. Plan ahead, make a weekly menu. But if you still find yourself running out for a few items, analyze the reason.                                      [Check your receipt, Go during slow times, Go shopping less often, Write down everything you need, Avoid trips to the corner store, Shop on a full stomach, Don't buy junk food, Don't examine things you don't need]

3. The more you interact with something, the more likely you are to buy it, says Расо Underhill in Why We Buy: "Virtually all unplanned purchases... come as a result of the shopper seeing, touching, smelling, or tasting something that promises pleasure, if not total fulfillment."                                     [Check your receipt, Go during slow times, Go shopping less often, Write down everything you need, Avoid trips to the corner store, Shop on a full stomach, Don't buy junk food, Don't examine things you don't need]

4. Make sure your prices are scanned correctly. Make sure your coupons are scanned correctly. Sale items, especially, have a tendency to be in the computer wrong, and yet few people ever challenge the price at the register. You don't need to hold up the line: simply watch the price of each item as it's scanned.                                      [Check your receipt, Go during slow times, Go shopping less often, Write down everything you need, Avoid trips to the corner store, Shop on a full stomach, Don't buy junk food, Don't examine things you don't need]

5. This is a common tip, but it's true: studies show that folks who shop when they're hungry buy more, they tend to buy all kinds of junk. If you go to the store for milk on a Sunday morning without eating breakfast, you are likely to come home with donuts and orange juice and Lucky Charms, too.                                     [Check your receipt, Go during slow times, Go shopping less often, Write down everything you need, Avoid trips to the corner store, Shop on a full stomach, Don't buy junk food, Don't examine things you don't need]

Read the text below. For questions (6—10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C, or D).

The Dogon are a tribe of poor, cave-dwelling, farming people in southern Mali in West Africa — hardly the likeliest source of advanced astronomical data. Yet according to a study of these people during 1946—50 by French anthropologists Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen, published in 1950, the Dogon priests know of a tiny secret star that they call Po. They state that it is composed of an exceedingly heavy substance and orbits the brilliant dog-star Sirius in a 50-year cycle, pursuing an elliptical path.

There is indeed such a star — Sirius B, first recorded scientifically in 1862, and so dense that a cubic metre of its matter weighs about 20,000 tonnes. Moreover, its orbit is just as the Dogon describe, which makes all the more remarkable the fact that Sirius В is totally invisible to the human eye and was photographed for the first time as recently as 1970.

So how do the Dogon know so much about it? Their explanation is even mor e remarkable, for they claim to have received their astronomical information (which also includes knowledge of Saturn's rings and the four major moons of Jupiter) from a race of space beings called the Nommo s that visited the earth long ago from the Sirius star system!

In The Sirius Mystery, researcher Robert K. G. Temple supports an extraterrestrial origin for the Dogon data, but others are very sceptical. American cosmologist Dr Carl Sagan considers it far more likely that they gained their knowledge from travelling Europeans around 1930 — a time when details of Sirius, its tiny companion star and other astronomical data later became familiar in the Western world. It's a very probable solution, but one that may yet be disproved in a highly sensational manner. The Dogon also speak of a second star orbiting Sirius, at right angles to Sirius B. They call it emme ya ("sun of women"), but it is presently unknown to science: so what will scientists say if one day they discover that this star really does exist?

1. According to the text, the Dogon are ...                                          [West African people from another planet, a group of Africans raising crops, French priests interested in Sirius, anthropologists who live in Mali]

2. Which of the following is TRUE about Po?                                          [It can be seen from Sirius star system., Its description reminds of Sirius B., It was discovered by French astronomers, It has an elliptical form.]

3. The Dogon state that they learned about Po from ...                        [aliens from far away, French anthropologists, African astrologists, American cosmologists]

4. The extraterrestrial origin of the Dogon data will be proved when ...                                          [the Dogon share knowledge about Sirius В, scientists discover satellite of Sirius, the orbit of Sirius is calculated, data about Saturn's angles are obtained]

5. Which of the following is NOT stated in the text?                                          [Scientists disbelieve the Dogon version, Europeans traveled inAfrica last century, SiriusВ was discovered in the19thcentury, The Dogon get information from the Nomos]

Read the texts below. Match choices (A—H) to (1-6). There are two choices you don't need to use.

TRADITIONS AND SUPERSTITIONS

1. "Red tape" is a complicated and annoying set of rules. A person found doing something wrong is said to have been "caught red-handed" . If someone is "in the red" they owe the bank money. Red also suggests excitement.

2. Black is often associated with bad things. A 'black day' is a day on which a disaster takes place, e.g. Black Monday . A 'black look' shows anger or hatred. But seeing a black cat is said to bring luck. Somebody who 'sees things in black and white' thinks everything is either bad or good.

3. Green in traffic lights means 'go' , and if a person is 'given the green light' they have permission to do something. Green is associated with nature, and people who are good at growing plants are said to have 'a green thumb' or 'green fingers'.

4. Yellow is a warning color. In the US school buses are also yellow. Americans tie a yellow ribbon round a tree in their garden to remember somebody who has gone to fight in a war.

5. Blue is associated with value: a blue chip (counter) has a high value in poker, and 'hlue-chip' stocks are a good place to invest money. A blue ribbon is given for first prize in a show. Something that happens 'once in a blue moon ' is very rare.

6. White color is associated with Christmas and snow, Halloween is celebrated with orange, pink is associated with St. Valentine's Day. On Independence day, everything is red, white and blue, the colors of the American flag.

Which color shows that _______