Test 14

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

TATA MANZA

Arguably the best-looking Tata car currently on roads, Indigo Manza is another addition to the exquisite range of customer-friendly Tata cars. The car is a sedan version of Indica Vista. Built on the Indica Vista platform, with a modified look, Manza can be categorized to join the luxury car segment of the country. The stylish car has a bold smart look, spacious interiors and high-class designing.

It shares a lot of features and technology with Tata Indigo and Indica. It is expected to pose a good competition for Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire, Ford Fiesta, Ford Ikon, and Mahindra Renault Logan.

1___________________________- Largely inspired from Tata Indica Vista, the front part of Tata Manza retains the sweeping angular headlights, with a dual projector, barrel-shaped reflectors that typically characterize Indica Vista design. The front bumper in the car features a big dam, with black finish and has round fog lights. The front grill is made of four horizontal lines, featuring a big Tata logo and chrome finish upper lip. The centre owes its classy look and elegance to the vertical tail lamps at the rear end. A chrome strip runs across the rear bumper, imparting a big and wide look to the car. The exquisite looks of the car live up to it catchy slogan «Indulge in Style"

2_______________________With its cool and spacious interiors, Tata Indigo Manza scores well as a comfortable car. It features spacious legroom and headroom, making the ride extremely enjoyable for the front as well as the rear-seat passengers. The convenience features provided by Manza include HVAC with electric controls, tilt adjustable power steering, adjustable head rest on front seat, two-way adjustable lumber support for front seats, fixed support for front lumber seats, rear-seat centre armrest and height-adjustable driver's seat, etc.

3_________________________-The engine of Tata Manza has been sourced by Fiat. It is available in two engine options, 1.3-litre petrol engine that is known as Safire and 1.4-litre diesel engine called Quadrajet. The petrol version of the car is also available with an ABS option. The capacity of the petrol engine goes up to 1248 ccl. Manza's petrol variant will have a CRDi fuel system and the diesel variant will have FSI. The car has a standard 5-speed manual transmission for all the models.

4___________________The host of advanced safety features in Tata Manza includes a superior crash tested cockpit design, dual front airbags, antilock brake system (ABS) with electronic brake-force distribution (EBD) and front disc brakes. Passive safety features are side impact beams, height adjustable front seatbelts, warning lamp for driver seatbelt, front passenger seatbelt reminder, child locks and central locking. Wider tubeless tyres with alloys option are also available.

5___________________________Tata Indigo Manza has been launched in eight kinds, four with diesel engine and four with petrol engine. As for the colours, you have six options to choose from-Arctic Silver, Cavern Grey, Gala Red, Infiniti Black, Marine Silver, and Noble Blue. The base variant of Tata Manza has been reasonably priced at 4.8 lacs and the top variant is priced at 6.75 lacs.

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

LIFE TRAPPED UNDER A GLACIER

Iron in water seeping from an underground ecosystem takes on a rusty colour as it is exposed to air. Surprisingly hearty life forms use iron and sulfates, instead of oxygen, to live in their long isolated, dark and salty home.

Ever heard of Blood Falls? It's freezing cold, far away and hard to reach - probably not where you're headed on your family vacation this summer.

Blood Falls is at the tip of a giant glacier in Antarctica. As its name suggests, the icy face of Blood Falls is red-but not from blood. Instead the water gets its hue because it's rich in iron. When the water trickles out from its underground beginnings, the iron is exposed to oxygen in the air and quickly forms the red rust.

It may not be a tourist hot spot, but Blood Falls is very interesting to scientists who study living creatures. A geomicrobiologist - someone who studies how tiny organisms affect or use minerals - recently studied the rusty water and came up with some amazing results.

The water that feeds Blood Falls probably comes from a salty underground lake. It's home to microbes that surprisingly don't need oxygen to survive. Microbes are tiny organisms, usually invisible to the naked eye. The microbes found in Blood Falls are similar to other microbes that live in the ocean.

"This briny pond is a unique sort of a time capsules, says Jill Mikucki, the Dartmouth University geomicrobiologist who led the study of the water seeping from Blood Falls. I don't know of any other environment quite like this on earth"

When she and her team studied the water, they found no oxygen but lots of dissolved iron. They suspect that the underwater reservoir formed when a giant glacier, now 1,300 feet thick, moved over the salty lake at least 1.5 million years ago. This trapped the water and everything in it in an oxygen free, or anoxic, environment.

Unlike human beings and most other forms of life, the microbes from Blood Falls don't need oxygen to live. Instead, they are able to exist using the iron and sulphates, chemical salts also found in the water. The microbes transfer particles called electrons from the sulphates to the iron.

The microbes at Blood Falls show that life can exist even in the harshest environments. In addition to giving us more information about our own planet, the study of these extremophiles» may be useful in other scientific areas like the search for life on other planets! If scientists find organisms on the Earth that live on sulphur and iron, instead of oxygen, researchers might gain a better idea of where to look for life elsewhere in the universe.

6.What does Blood Falls water get its tint from?                                          [Iron hardware., Mixture of oxygen and blood., Iron reddish corrosive formed by oxidati, Blood of slaughtered animals.]

7.The spot attracts the scientists who study_______-                                          [the formation of complex compounds from, the links of living things and natural s, very small living creatures., water pollution]

8. Blood Falls water keeps supplied with________________-                                [subterranean reservoir waters., fresh-water lakes., rainfall waters, salty sea waters.]

9.The scientists consider the place to be unique because it's rich in______________                                          [minerals and gaseous elements., iron and oxygen., one-celled microscopic organisms that ne, microorganisms that don't need oxygen.]

10.The scholars think that the underground lake was formed by a mass of ice slowly moving______________-                   [beneath the lake., over the lake, in the lake., beyond the lake.]

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

SOME FACTS ABOUT FRUITS

The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the healthier you will be. So, do you know how to prepare fresh fruit and vegetables? This list of some popular fruits will give you tips about buying, storing, and preparing them so you can easily add them to your daily diet.

11 Berries

Blackberries, raspberries, boysenberries, gooseberries, and loganberries are all extremely perishable. Use them the day you buy them for best quality. Wash them very gently in cool water, sort them and place them on paper towels to drain. Use right away after they have been washed.

12 Cranberries

Cranberries typically ripen in October and November. These little fruit are supertart and usually used in baking and sauces. Look for plump fruit that are not wrinkled; sort through them and wash before using. Cranberries freeze very well, so buy a bunch in autumn and freeze them for use throughout the year.

13 Grapes

Be sure to wash grapes very thoroughly before using. Look for bunches with the grapes held tightly to the stems. Make sure to buy seedless varieties and store covered in the refrigerator. Just pull off the stems and use.

14 Strawberries

Fresh strawberries should be red, firm and plump. The best are harvested yourself from pick-your-own farms, or from farmers' markets. To prepare, wash thoroughly, then cut out the leaves (hull) and any white part at the top, or shoulder, of the strawberry. Then slice or chop.

15 Pears

Pears are a fabulous fall fruit, but available year round. Purchase pears that are firm, smooth, and heavy for their size. Ripen them by letting them stand at room temperature for a few days, until the flesh yields to gentle pressure, Bosc pears (the brown-skinned pears) are best for cooking; Anjou and Bartlett are best for eating fresh.

16 Apricots

Apricots do not lose their nutrients during the cooking process, so if you cannot find fresh, feel free to use canned or dried apricots. Most recipes do not require the smooth skin of the apricot to be peeled. However, if you need to peel them, simply blanch in boiling water for about 20 seconds and then plunge into ice water. The skins should peel off easily.

These fruit_____________________

Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are two choices you do not need to use.

BRAIN CELLS TAKE A BREAK

Scientists have long wanted to know what happens inside the human brain when deep asleep. You may be unconscious, but your brain cells are busy with activity. Neurons, brain cells that conduct electricity, keep your mind humming even while your body is resting.

In a new study, a team of scientists found that neurons take breaks periodically as a person

heads into deep sleep. These pauses in neuron activity help keep people asleep, (17)_____________________. Sydney Cash, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, and his team found a way to study electricity in the brain, inside and out.

Scientists use different tools to study electrical currents in the brain. One of the most useful is the EEG, or electroencephalogramme. An EEG represents the brain's activity as a graph that looks like a long series of differently shaped waves. The height, width and closeness of those waves give scientists a peek at what's happening in a person's head. Even though they can study the patterns, (18)_______________________.

In the study led by Cash, the researchers were interested in a particular type of EEG squiggle called a K-complex. To people who don't understand EEG patterns, a K-complex just looks like a squiggle that's larger than the lines around it. To a trained scientist, a K-complex shows a significant change in the electrical activity in the brain.

A K-complex may show up on an EEG when the sleeping person hears a noise or has his or her sleep disturbed. Or these squiggles may be caused by other reasons.

EEGS can't see everything, however. They only measure electric signals including

K-complexes -on the outside of the brain. In the new study, the scientists found a way to see even deeper into the brain. They studied patients with epilepsy, (19)___________________________. Epilepsy is believed to be caused by overactive neurons.

In previous surgeries, the people with epilepsy had had tiny electrodes implanted deeper inside their brains. Electrodes are also used to study electrical currents, and doctors had hoped (20)____________________________________.

Cash, who studies epilepsy, realised that those same electrodes could be used to study electrical activity deeper inside the brain while at the same time an EEG told the scientists what was happening on the surface. By comparing the two sets of information, (21)__________________.

The brain has long been one of the most mysterious parts of the human body. Studies like this one help scientists open a window onto the inner workings of our heads and possibly figure out how the circuitry works. Understanding how neurons behave is important, (22)___________. As this study shows, neurons take a break so you can, too.

Read the text below. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

RECYCLED VEGETABLE OIL POWERS VANS AND CARS

When Jared Fisher needs fuel for his vans, he doesn't head for the gas station. Instead, he goes to restaurants to collect (23)_______           [used, made, collected, produced] vegetable oil. He pours that vegetable oil into his vans' fuel (24)_____________________        [plates, jugs, tanks, dishes].

Most cars and vans are built to run on gas. They won't run on vegetable oil. But Fisher's vans have been specially built so they can operate (25)____________________       [about, in, of, on]recycled vegetable oil or diesel fuel.

Fisher owns a company that runs bicycle trips and other vacation (26)__________         [hikes, routes, voyages, tours]. He uses his vans to (27)_____________       [use, go, carry, keep]travellers from place to place. He bought the special vans to (28)___________      [have, take, make, save]some money and help protect the environment. Recycling vegetable oil for fuel is much less expensive than buying diesel fuel, he says. (29) _________________________          [Also, Too, Till, Although],burning vegetable oil does not cause as much pollution as some diesel fuel does.

Fisher spends between four and six hours a week (30)_______________            [collecting, picking, throwing, gathering]used vegetable oil. In 2007, he collected about 3,000 gallons of the oil from restaurants. That saved him about $9.000, which is the amount he would have spent on 3,000 gallons of diesel fuel. This year, the savings could be even bigger because the (31)_______________         [rent, cost, payment, worth] of diesel fuel is now about $4 a gallon.

People have tried using vegetable oil in diesel engines (32)_________         [already, yet, for, since]the early 1900s. Diesel fuel and vegetable oil are a lot alike, but vegetable oil is thicker. Vehicles like the ones Fisher drives use the engine's heat to heat the vegetable oil so it is not so thick.

Read the texts below. For questions (33-42) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

CREATIVE SCULPTURES CAN HELP FEED THE HUNGRY

Did you ever make a tower out of cans? People who participate in a competition called Canstruction get a chance to be (33) __________________            [creativity, creation, creative, create]with cans of food. At the same time, they are helping to fight hunger.

During Canstruction competitions, teams led by architects, engineers, and builders design and this year in build huge sculptures out of cans of food. More than 50 competitions (34)________________                [are being held, were held, hold, held]this year in the US and Canada. Sculptures (35)_______               [include, has included, includes, have included]a shark, a castle, an octopus, a seashell, and even a tornado . Each sculpture (36)_______________       [use, uses, using, used] between 1,000 and 13,000 cans.

When the Canstruction competition is over, all of the cans of food (37)_______________________                   [are donated, is donated, have been donated, will donate] to food banks, homeless shelters, day-care and senior centres, and soup kitchens to help feed hungry people.

RETURN TO THE MOON

Would you like to visit the moon? The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) hopes to land a manned spacecraft on the moon in 2018. That's 46 years after US astronauts last(38)__________________         [walks, walked, walking, walk] on the moon in 1972.

NASA (39)___________________              [will expect, expects, had expected, expected]that the vehicle for the mission to the moon will cost $104 billion to build over the next ten years.

The new spacecraft will look much different from the winged space shuttle that (40)__________________              [has carried, have carried, carried, had carried] many astronauts into space in the last 25 years. It will look more like an older spacecraft, called Apollo, but it will use some of the new space shuttle technology. Besides going to the moon, the new vehicle will be designed to travel to the International Space Station and to Mars. It will carry four astronauts and more supplies than other spaceships.

At first, astronauts would stay on the moon for about a week. Later, NASA would like to build a base on the moon where crews (41)______________             [should work, will work, are to work, could work]for six months at a time.

NASA used the Apollo rockets for six missions to the moon from 1969 to 1972. The first man to walk on the moon was Neil Armstrong on 20 July 1969. Armstrong and two other astronauts (42)______________________                [journeys, have journeyed, journeyed, journey]to the moon on Apollo 11. Altogether, 12 US astronauts have walked on the moon.