Test 10

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

When children lie

Sometimes children are caught in small lies, of the «I didn’t do it» variety. How to stop this behaviour before it starts to escalate? Think about it.

1. They lie to keep their parents happy with them, they lie so they won’t get in trouble, they lie to cover embarrassment or inadequacy, or they lie because they don’t make the clear distinction between fact and fiction. Teaching your child the value of telling the truth takes time, skill and patience.   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

2. Don`t aks questions that set your child up to lie. When your child has chocolate on his face and the candy is gone, don`t ask, "Did you eat that candy bar that was on the counter?" Instead make a statement of fact, "I`m disappointed that you ate the candy bar without asking. That will be your snack for today". Is your child says, "I didn`t ", - don`t play twenty questions, just state the facts, " The candy is gone, and there`s chocolate on your face. Why don`t you go up to your room for a while and come on back down when you want to talk about it? "   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

3. Focus on finding an answer instead of laying blame. "Regardless of how it happened, the lamp is broken. What are we going to do about it?"   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

4. If your child comes to you with the truth, resist the urge to lecture. Thank the child for telling you and then focus on finding a solution or imposing a necessary consequence, without anger. Don’t make the mistake of saying, «If you tell the truth, you won’t be punished». We all make mistakes, and owning up to them can be difficult, but we still need to accept responsibility for our actions. So avoid the trap of saying, «When you tell the truth, you’ll be off the hook»,— instead, think of it this way, «If you lie, you’ll be in even bigger trouble!»   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

5. Kids sometimes lie because they feel they’re not meeting your anticipation, and they think it’s easier to lie than feel like a failure. Take a look at how you respond to your child’s mistakes or inadequacies, and make sure you leave room f6r imperfections.   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

A Model truthfulness.

В Be straightforward and honest.

C Don’t start the «off the hook» mistake.

D Spend time on solutions.

E Don`t plat a detective

F Review your expectations.

G Find someone to talk to.

H Children lie for a variety of reasons.

Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer ( A, B, C or D).

The US Preventive Services Task Force has issued a new recommendation, published in the journal Pediatrics, that all children between the ages of 12 and 18 be regularly screened for the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD).

The new recommendations surpass those of most doctors` groups - which advise screening high-risk youths only - and even those of the American Academy of Pediatrics, which recommends only that doctors aks teens about depression, rather than giving them a full screening.

"Adolescent -onset MDD is associated with an increased riak of death by suicide, suicide attemps, recurrence of major depression by young adulthood, early pregnancy, decreased school performance, and impaired work, social, and family functioning during young adulthood ", the report authors wrote. "Mass screening in primary care could help clinicians indentify missed cases and increase the proportion of depressed children and adolescents who initiate appropriate treatment. It could also help clinicians to identify cases earlier in the course of disease ".

The Preventive Services Task Porce is a panel of independent experts given responsibility for setting national primary-care treatment guidelines.

Accoding to the panel, approximately 6 per cent of US teens, or two million, suffer from MIDD, also known as clinical depression. Symptoms include sadness, anxiety, changes in eating or sleeping habits, hopelessness, irritability, isolation, moodiness, negativity, poor grades, risk- talking, substance abuse and death wishes or suicidal thoughts.

Because depression is so common in teens, the researchers said, the maiority of cases go undiagnosed.

"You will miss a lot if you only screen high-risk groups", said Task Force chair Ned Calonge of the Colorado Denartment of Public Health and Environment.

In order to develop the recommendation, the researchers reviewed high-quality studies conducted since 2002 on the effectiveness of sereening in diagnosing depression in children between the ages of 7 and 18, and also on the effectiveness of various treatments. They concluded that all children between the ages 12 and 18 should receive yearly screening. Patients wouldmerely ned to fill out a simple aquestionnaire, which could even be completed in the waiting room, the researchers said.

The panel did not recommend screening younger children, due to absence of evidence that screening was effective in that age group.

"Limited availabie data suggest that primary care - feasible screening tools - may accurately indentify depressed adolescents and treatment can improve depression outcomes", the Task Force wrote.

Another report. authored by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and appearing in the same issue of Pediatrics, also calls for primary-care physicians to get more involved in the treatment o mental illness, including depression. Recommendations include that pediatricians consult regularly with child psychiatrists, and try to have one working in their office if possible.

Report co-author Alan Axelson said that because parents have built up trust with pediatricians over time, these doctors may be in a better position to screen for and treat mental illness without invoking the social stigma of a visit to a therapist or psychiatrist. He noted that pediatricians are authorized to preseribe antidepressant drugs, though they may not perform psychotherapy.

6 The recommendation advises sereening___________   [A, B, C, D]

A all kids between the age of 12 to 18.

B only high0risk teens.

C young people above depression.

D all children at birth.

7 How often does the panel of independent experts recommend sereening the children?   [A, B, C, D]

A When they reach puberty.

B Once in three years.

C Once a month.

D Annually.

8 Major depressive disorder usually occurs when the adolescent has__________   [A, B, C, D]

A social and health problems.

B all of the mentioned above.

C cases of recurrence of major depression.

D misunderstanding at school and at home

9 Accoding to the clinicians` research, the number of youth who don`t suffer from MDD is ___________   [A, B, C, D]

A approximately 94 per cent.

B two million.

C about 6 per cent.

D more that 94 per cent.

10 The researcher claims that ___________ go undiagnosed.   [A, B, C, D]

A a few cases

B almost all the cases

C the greater number of cases

D no cases

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to use.

11 Finland   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

The outdoors and physical fitness are important to the Finns, who have a wide range of activities, including walking, fishing ( and ice fishing), camping, skiing,track and field, basketball, ice hockey, and boating. Golf is gaining in popularity;some people play it even on the ice in winter.The sauna is a traditional way to relax and socialize for people of all ages. During a retreat to a summer cottage, a popular activity is to run from a hot sauna for a swim in a cold, clear lake nearby.

12 Indonesia   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Badminton and soccer are the most popular sports in Indonesia, and many people play volleyball and tennis. Shadow - puppet theatre a traditional art, and performances are particularily common in rural areas and on special occasions. Other recreational activities include watching television and going to the cinema, Censorship is strict.

13 The Philippines   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

People spend their leisure time socializing with relatives and neighbours or watching films; the Philippines is the world's fourth largest producer of films, a numberof which have a strong religious theme. Sundays are big days for sports; basketball, baseball, and soccer are all played. Filipinos are keengamblers, which accounts for the popularity of horse races and cockfights, and playing mah-jongg, a Chinese table game played with tiles.

14 Italy   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

An evening or Sunday afternoon stroll around the town is a well-established tradition in both rural and urban areas. On Sundays, many Italians go to the countryside, or to a sports event. In summer, crowds flock to the beach. Discotheques are popular among unmarried young people, particularly on Saturdat nights. Soccer is by far the most popular sport. Bicycling, auto racing, skiing and tennis are also popular. Recently. basketball has attracted a large Italian following.

15 Mongolia   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Mongolian wrestling , horse-racing, and archery are the most popular sports. The annual wrestling championships are enthusiastically followed thoughout the country. Boxing. soccer, volleyball, basketball and table tennis are also enjoyed. Leisure activities include visiting family and friends, watching television, going to the moves, and especially in summer, making outings to the countryside. Sunday is a favourite dayfor picnics, and some people own small summer cabins in the hills around the capital.

16 The UK   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

The British are known as a nation of gardeners. Most people have a garden on their property. Gardening has been a popular pastime since Roman times. Many people in Biritain are proud of their houses and gardens. They want their houses and gardens to look nice. Every town in Britain has one or more DIY (Do It Yourself) centres and garden centres. There are like supermarkets for the home and garden. These places are very popular with British home-owners at the weekends.

In this country ____________

A peope prefer fitness to skiing

B people never spend time outdoors

C people are fond of gambling

D people prefer spending time in the garden

E people breed horses for sports

F people like swimming in cold water

G people are found of shows

H people like walking in the evening