Reading II semester

MANCHESTER.

Manchester began when a wooden fort was built by the Roman army on a plateau about 80 AD. The fort was rebuilt in stone about 200 AD. Soon a civilian settlement grew up around the fort. In the 7th century the Saxons created a new village, but it was tiny. The surrounding area was thinly populated and was mostly forest. The Saxons called any Roman town or fort a caester. They called the old fort at Manchester Mamm caester. The village nearby took its name from the fort. By 1086 the settlement was called Mamecester. In time the name changed to Manchester. In 919 the king repaired the old Roman fort as a defence against the Danes. In the early 19th century Manchester became world famous as a manufacturing centre. Wool, silk and cotton were manufactured and vast numbers of working people worked 12 hour days in the mills. There were also a paper making industry and iron foundries. Manchester University was founded in 1903. The central library was built in 1934. Today Manchester is a large city and it is situated in the Northwest of England. It stands on the River Irwell, which is a tributary of the Mersey River. Manchester is one of the major ports in England. It was famous for its wool and cotton industries but now it is a fi nancial and business centre. When Britain was an Empire, Manchester was called a Cottonpolis for its cotton mills in the city and in the small towns around it. Manchester can also be proud of its Business School, which is the best in Britain. Music industry is also developing in Manchester, many pop and rock bands play in nightclubs. Everybody knows Manchester’s two football teams — Manchester United and Manchester City. In general Manchester forms the opinion of a beautiful city, but unfortunately many of its old buildings were destroyed by the Irish Republican Army bombing in 1996. It was an illegal military organisation which wanted Northern Ireland to leave the UK and become a part of the Irish Republic. In 1996 the city centre was ruined by IRA bombs but it was rebuilt. The phoenix rose from the ashes.

Manchester was built by the Rumunian army on about 80 AD. True or false?

Mamm caester was a Saxon name for some area around Manchester.

In the early 19th century Manchester was manufactured and cultural center in the world.

Manchester is situated in the Northwest of Great Britain.

Manchester is one of the major sea ports in England.

Manchester’s sport teams are popular around the world.

Manchester was/is ........... (click all correct)

Make correct order of the plan.

When was Manchester founded?

When was the fort rebuilt in stone?

When was the village of Manchester made into a city?

Where does Manchester stand?

What happens in 1996 ?

Match words with their defenitions.