Reading. Form 11

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 1

Read the text and complete the blanks 1-6 with the sentences a-g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Jane Bean has been a producer for fifteen years and has worked on some huge projects. She explains her role and some of the challenges she faces day to day.

Every film, TV show or theatre production has a producer, but not many people really understand what producers do. When I talk to people about my job, they assume I stand on the set and shout at people, but that’s not me. 1. _________ My work starts long before the filming starts and finishes long afterwards.

When someone asks me to produce something, they might only have the script, or maybe just an idea. On some projects I help during the script-writing, so I really am involved from the very start. Finding the idea is the easy part; it’s the work afterwards that gets tough.

Once we have the script, I help find the director, the cast and the crew. Sometimes this means finding big name actors or directors through their agents, and they like to play games. 2. ______

They know you want them on the project and sometimes make you chase. But after fifteen years I’m well known in this business and people are a bit more up front with me.

So, when we have the script and everyone we need to start filming, you’d think my job gets easier. Well you’d be wrong. Throughout the shoot I have to balance the budget, try and keep the filming on time and keep everyone happy on set.

3. _______ That means the director, the actors, the scriptwriters and even the crew. There are so many people involved and everyone has ideas and opinions. As you can imagine, people in this business aren’t generally shy so when they want something, they try their absolute best to get it. It can be a nightmare trying to balance all the wants and needs of so many important people.

But it’s not all about me. 4. ____ I couldn’t do all this myself so I have co-producers who have their own areas to look after. One might be making sure we have food on set, another might have to find out how we get the music we want to use and so on. It’s vital we work as a team! Sometimes this means we all sit down and talk things through. Other times I have to force things to make sure they get done.

Sometimes you’ll see a famous person’s name as the “associate producer.” 5. __ Their help might be funding, help with the script or making a special appearance.

So once the filming is done, do my team and I go home and start a new project? No. Even after all the filming has been done we still have work to do. It’s also part of my job to help in editing and promoting the film. When you hear a new film get mentioned on a talk show or on the radio, that’s the work of a producer. We have to make sure the film or show gets the publicity it needs to do well.

So, when you see a film or TV show get an award and lots of people you don’t recognise turn up to collect the award, they’re the producers. Without them the film, TV show or play wouldn’t have happened. 6. ______ I guess if I were to sum up my job in one sentence, it would be: a producer makes sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure jobs get done properly. This sounds easy but, depending on the set or the people, it can be the hardest, messiest or most rewarding job.

a. This normally means they’ve helped out on the project in some way, but it doesn’t mean they are on set helping day to day.

b. I have a team of people to help me.

c. The film will grind to a halt otherwise.

d. That’s why they get the awards.

e. It can be exhausting.

f. That’s more the director’s job.

g. The most difficult part of my job is dealing with all the personalities.

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

Why do the Mounties use horses?

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

How are horses trained not to run from danger?

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

Why is it important that the riders are sure of the horse’s character?

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

What could prevent a horse from being used on the street?

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

What is true about police horses?

Reading 2

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose a, b, c or d.

Working animals

Horses can been trained for a number of purposes including racing, farm work and even police work.

Police forces across the world use horses in their work because of their speed, strength, and stamina.

One of the most famous police groups that uses horses is in Canada, and is nicknamed The Mounties. With their red jackets and motto “We always get our man,” the Mounties have been associated with horse riding since they were formed in 1920.

The Mounties are responsible for policing almost all of Canada and have to cope with some very rough landscapes. They use horses to cover large distances on uneven terrain and also to control large crowds in cities. When used in the wilderness, horses are bred for stamina, as they may be used to chase a criminal over large distances.

These horses are trained to respond to their riders’ commands. They learn to work with their rider to corner a suspect long enough for them to be arrested. For example, they learn the “pincer movement,” where two horses will approach the suspect from both sides, leaving him with nowhere to run.

The training for police horses differs depending on where they will be and what situations they will be faced with. Horses in cities such as New York or London will face very different challenges from those in rural Canada. Although they have a natural instinct to run from danger, they can be taught to control it. They are gradually introduced to situations that they could find threatening, in an isolated area, away from the public.

Flags, people shouting and acting aggressively, unexpected loud noises and smoke are all introduced to the horse so that the animal is familiar with them before it encounters them in a real-life situation. Trainers have to be 100% sure of the horse’s character. If the horse were to panic and run wild in a public area, it could cause serious injuries to anyone who got in its way.

Police horses are also trained to work together and move in formation. They move in patterns which are designed to break up crowds and control the flow of people. If the horse cannot be trained to complete such tasks, it may never find its way on to the streets.

Some police departments receive horses as donations from members of the public. Horses that people kept as pets but can no longer afford to keep, or retired race horses, are often found in the police department. However, others are bred and raised by the police. Horses which have a naturally calm character are encouraged to breed so their young will inherit their traits.

City police horses are also bred for size and stamina. They often do not need to be especially fast as horses can run much faster than people anyway. However, they may be required to stand for long periods of time and need to have the stamina to carry a fully grown man or woman on their back for many hours at a time.

What is important in the selection of city police horses?