Reading. A2+

Read the text and choose the correct answer

M-LEARNING: EDUCATION IN YOUR POCKET

According to a recent UN report, over five billion of the planet's seven billion people have a mobile phone, an increase of four billion users since 2002. Considering the fact that a large section of the world's population is too young to use them, it can almost be said that mobile phone ownership is now universal. Of course, some people, especially in the developed world, have more advanced mobile phones than others, with the ability to connect to the Internet for example, but the fact remains that a vast majority of the people on the planet have a mobile phone that can call and text. And this ability to send and receive SMS messages is at the centre of m-learning, an educational initiative that is having a huge impact on the developing world.

The first project that researched the potential of m-learning was carried out simultaneously in the UK, Italy and Sweden in 2003. It involved sending SMS messages teaching basic maths and reading skills to the mobile phones of young people aged 16 to 24 who had dropped out of school. The project was a huge success with some participants even deciding to return to school at its conclusion. This proved that m-learning could work, and since then, it has spread throughout the world.

M-learning is particularly effective in poorer regions of the world where people cannot afford to buy a computer or access the Internet, but still own a basic mobile phone. There have been a number of success stories. A project begun by the University of Pretoria in South Africa sent text messages covering various subjects to secondary school students in rural communities. For one, the organizers found that sending the information by SMS was twenty times cheaper than printing and distributing the information on paper. Also, they noticed that students were sending SMS messages to each other to discuss the texts they received! Another project in southern India sent SMS messages to young school children teaching them basic Hindi vocabulary and spelling. Organizers found that students who took part remembered almost double the amount of words compared to students who had been taught only in their classrooms.

Nowadays, aid agencies too are using text messages, but to teach more than just school subjects. One charity, Frontline SMS, informs adults in developing countries about topics such as health and hygiene by sending them regular SMS messages. Perhaps this is where m-learning can have the biggest impact, but whether the goal is to save lives or pass exams, it's clear that m-learning will continue to play a huge part in teaching the world.

What is the main difference between mobile phone ownership in the developed world and the developing world?

Read the text and choose the correct answer

M-LEARNING: EDUCATION IN YOUR POCKET

According to a recent UN report, over five billion of the planet's seven billion people have a mobile phone, an increase of four billion users since 2002. Considering the fact that a large section of the world's population is too young to use them, it can almost be said that mobile phone ownership is now universal. Of course, some people, especially in the developed world, have more advanced mobile phones than others, with the ability to connect to the Internet for example, but the fact remains that a vast majority of the people on the planet have a mobile phone that can call and text. And this ability to send and receive SMS messages is at the centre of m-learning, an educational initiative that is having a huge impact on the developing world.

The first project that researched the potential of m-learning was carried out simultaneously in the UK, Italy and Sweden in 2003. It involved sending SMS messages teaching basic maths and reading skills to the mobile phones of young people aged 16 to 24 who had dropped out of school. The project was a huge success with some participants even deciding to return to school at its conclusion. This proved that m-learning could work, and since then, it has spread throughout the world.

M-learning is particularly effective in poorer regions of the world where people cannot afford to buy a computer or access the Internet, but still own a basic mobile phone. There have been a number of success stories. A project begun by the University of Pretoria in South Africa sent text messages covering various subjects to secondary school students in rural communities. For one, the organizers found that sending the information by SMS was twenty times cheaper than printing and distributing the information on paper. Also, they noticed that students were sending SMS messages to each other to discuss the texts they received! Another project in southern India sent SMS messages to young school children teaching them basic Hindi vocabulary and spelling. Organizers found that students who took part remembered almost double the amount of words compared to students who had been taught only in their classrooms.

Nowadays, aid agencies too are using text messages, but to teach more than just school subjects. One charity, Frontline SMS, informs adults in developing countries about topics such as health and hygiene by sending them regular SMS messages. Perhaps this is where m-learning can have the biggest impact, but whether the goal is to save lives or pass exams, it's clear that m-learning will continue to play a huge part in teaching the world.

How was the first project carried out?

Read the text and choose the correct answer

M-LEARNING: EDUCATION IN YOUR POCKET

According to a recent UN report, over five billion of the planet's seven billion people have a mobile phone, an increase of four billion users since 2002. Considering the fact that a large section of the world's population is too young to use them, it can almost be said that mobile phone ownership is now universal. Of course, some people, especially in the developed world, have more advanced mobile phones than others, with the ability to connect to the Internet for example, but the fact remains that a vast majority of the people on the planet have a mobile phone that can call and text. And this ability to send and receive SMS messages is at the centre of m-learning, an educational initiative that is having a huge impact on the developing world.

The first project that researched the potential of m-learning was carried out simultaneously in the UK, Italy and Sweden in 2003. It involved sending SMS messages teaching basic maths and reading skills to the mobile phones of young people aged 16 to 24 who had dropped out of school. The project was a huge success with some participants even deciding to return to school at its conclusion. This proved that m-learning could work, and since then, it has spread throughout the world.

M-learning is particularly effective in poorer regions of the world where people cannot afford to buy a computer or access the Internet, but still own a basic mobile phone. There have been a number of success stories. A project begun by the University of Pretoria in South Africa sent text messages covering various subjects to secondary school students in rural communities. For one, the organizers found that sending the information by SMS was twenty times cheaper than printing and distributing the information on paper. Also, they noticed that students were sending SMS messages to each other to discuss the texts they received! Another project in southern India sent SMS messages to young school children teaching them basic Hindi vocabulary and spelling. Organizers found that students who took part remembered almost double the amount of words compared to students who had been taught only in their classrooms.

Nowadays, aid agencies too are using text messages, but to teach more than just school subjects. One charity, Frontline SMS, informs adults in developing countries about topics such as health and hygiene by sending them regular SMS messages. Perhaps this is where m-learning can have the biggest impact, but whether the goal is to save lives or pass exams, it's clear that m-learning will continue to play a huge part in teaching the world.

Why is m-learning helpful to learners in the developing world?

Read the text and choose the correct answer

M-LEARNING: EDUCATION IN YOUR POCKET

According to a recent UN report, over five billion of the planet's seven billion people have a mobile phone, an increase of four billion users since 2002. Considering the fact that a large section of the world's population is too young to use them, it can almost be said that mobile phone ownership is now universal. Of course, some people, especially in the developed world, have more advanced mobile phones than others, with the ability to connect to the Internet for example, but the fact remains that a vast majority of the people on the planet have a mobile phone that can call and text. And this ability to send and receive SMS messages is at the centre of m-learning, an educational initiative that is having a huge impact on the developing world.

The first project that researched the potential of m-learning was carried out simultaneously in the UK, Italy and Sweden in 2003. It involved sending SMS messages teaching basic maths and reading skills to the mobile phones of young people aged 16 to 24 who had dropped out of school. The project was a huge success with some participants even deciding to return to school at its conclusion. This proved that m-learning could work, and since then, it has spread throughout the world.

M-learning is particularly effective in poorer regions of the world where people cannot afford to buy a computer or access the Internet, but still own a basic mobile phone. There have been a number of success stories. A project begun by the University of Pretoria in South Africa sent text messages covering various subjects to secondary school students in rural communities. For one, the organizers found that sending the information by SMS was twenty times cheaper than printing and distributing the information on paper. Also, they noticed that students were sending SMS messages to each other to discuss the texts they received! Another project in southern India sent SMS messages to young school children teaching them basic Hindi vocabulary and spelling. Organizers found that students who took part remembered almost double the amount of words compared to students who had been taught only in their classrooms.

Nowadays, aid agencies too are using text messages, but to teach more than just school subjects. One charity, Frontline SMS, informs adults in developing countries about topics such as health and hygiene by sending them regular SMS messages. Perhaps this is where m-learning can have the biggest impact, but whether the goal is to save lives or pass exams, it's clear that m-learning will continue to play a huge part in teaching the world.

In what way was the university project successful?

Read the text and choose the correct answer

M-LEARNING: EDUCATION IN YOUR POCKET

According to a recent UN report, over five billion of the planet's seven billion people have a mobile phone, an increase of four billion users since 2002. Considering the fact that a large section of the world's population is too young to use them, it can almost be said that mobile phone ownership is now universal. Of course, some people, especially in the developed world, have more advanced mobile phones than others, with the ability to connect to the Internet for example, but the fact remains that a vast majority of the people on the planet have a mobile phone that can call and text. And this ability to send and receive SMS messages is at the centre of m-learning, an educational initiative that is having a huge impact on the developing world.

The first project that researched the potential of m-learning was carried out simultaneously in the UK, Italy and Sweden in 2003. It involved sending SMS messages teaching basic maths and reading skills to the mobile phones of young people aged 16 to 24 who had dropped out of school. The project was a huge success with some participants even deciding to return to school at its conclusion. This proved that m-learning could work, and since then, it has spread throughout the world.

M-learning is particularly effective in poorer regions of the world where people cannot afford to buy a computer or access the Internet, but still own a basic mobile phone. There have been a number of success stories. A project begun by the University of Pretoria in South Africa sent text messages covering various subjects to secondary school students in rural communities. For one, the organizers found that sending the information by SMS was twenty times cheaper than printing and distributing the information on paper. Also, they noticed that students were sending SMS messages to each other to discuss the texts they received! Another project in southern India sent SMS messages to young school children teaching them basic Hindi vocabulary and spelling. Organizers found that students who took part remembered almost double the amount of words compared to students who had been taught only in their classrooms.

Nowadays, aid agencies too are using text messages, but to teach more than just school subjects. One charity, Frontline SMS, informs adults in developing countries about topics such as health and hygiene by sending them regular SMS messages. Perhaps this is where m-learning can have the biggest impact, but whether the goal is to save lives or pass exams, it's clear that m-learning will continue to play a huge part in teaching the world.

What is the main goal of Frontline SMS?

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the article about a type of café. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

If a café offered you a meal, and asked you to choose what you wanted to pay, how deep would your pockets be?

Imagine the scene. You're out in town after a long busy day and fancy something to eat for lunch, or an afternoon snack. A trendy little café catches the corner of your eye, with its stylish sign, fashionable interior and rows of fresh vegetables and produce. 1. ___ But wait... things aren't what you were expecting. The menu is full of interesting and exotic sounding dishes, but the prices are blank! Welcome to the latest sensation in food... the 'pay-as-you-feel' café!

Pioneered by Adam Smith, founder of the new world wide initiative known as The Real Junk Food Project, pay-as-you-feel cafés are looking to change the way we look at and treat food.

2. ____ Roughly a third of food produced globally every year (a staggering 1.3 billion tonnes!) is wasted unnecessarily. All of this takes place while around 795 million people around the world suffer from a lack of food to eat or even malnutrition.

The concept of The Real Junk Food Project and the cafés that it supports is simple. Unwanted food is collected and 'intercepted' before it goes into trash. 3. ____ One time Adam even took 15,000 cakes from a world record attempt for the world's longest line of cupcakes! These were cakes that would have been thrown away if not for The Real Junk Food Project team. 4. ____

One such café, the Saltaire Canteen in West Yorkshire, gets customers from all walks of life. Owner Duncan Milwain explains, 5. ____ It's entirely up to them if they want to pay for it! For Duncan, the Saltaire Canteen is more than just a way to reduce food waste. It's also a community hub where people can get together and food can be given to those who need it most. Indeed, this charitable element is certainly appreciated by a lot of 'customers' who are happy to make donations. 'This café has a lot of win-wins. There's the benefit to us, there's the benefit to charity and the food is not going to landfill. 6. ____ One visitor even paid a pound for his pasta an extra £100!

So, the next time you want to refuel your body with a freshly cooked meal, refuel your conscience at the same time and visit a 'pay-as-you-feel' café near you!

Read the text and choose the correct answer

Tourism
Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and it is the fastest growing. It contributes over £50 billion to the economy annually, over £12 billion of it from overseas visitors. About 25 million overseas visitors                [come from, come away with, come to] Britain each year. Tourism is one of the biggest employments           [sectors, zones, districts] in the UK, too – it employs over 1.7 million people, which is more than in the construction or health service industries. Around 20% of all new             [works, employments, jobs] are in this industry. These figures are very impressive, but how do they translate      [into, from, for] job possibilities for you? There is room in this industry for all sorts of people, with different educational               [traditions, backgrounds, surroundings], personal attributes, interests and career aims. A tourist is really a traveler – someone who           [performs, does, makes] a journey, usually for recreation,        [such, like, as] a holiday or sightseeing.            [Despite, Therefore, Although], tourism at its very simplest refers to the industry that provides travel and entertainment facilities for people away from their own homes.