Progress Test 4

In 2011, Kyiv Cake celebrated its 55th anniversary. The recipe … (say) to have been invented thanks to a serendipitous mistake made by confectioners of the former Karl Marx Confectionery Factory (recently renamed “Roshen”).

Today, the confectionery factory “Roshen” remains the leader in producing Kyiv Cake - … (make) around 15 tonnes of the cake per night!

With layers of crunchy meringue that melts in your mouth, … (surround) by buttercream frosting and hazelnut chunks throughout - you won’t find another cake like it!

… (celebrate) and a strictly untouchable birds, the nightingale is one of Ukrainians’ most beloved birds.

Ukrainians … (know) around the world for their singing talents - as are nightingales.

Nightingales … often (ask) to give an answer to life’s philosophical questions in Ukrainian folk songs.

In pagan times, pysanky … (associate) with the rites of spring symbolizing life and rebirth.

Pysankarstvo - the art of decorating eggs with traditional symbols by … (apply) wax and dyes in layers is an ancient art form.

It's hard to imagine a more popularized image of the Ukrainian kozak than that of Kozak Mamai (Cossack Mamai). According to legend, this kozak travels the world and helps people. He embodies all the virtues … (attribute) to the Ukrainian kozak: traveller, warrior, thinker, master storyteller, magician.

Mamai is capable of … (cure) wounds and lifting kozaks' spirits.

Kozak Mamai's portrait … (use) to hang next to icons in almost every Ukrainian household.

Mamai is always depicted sitting under an oak with a kobza (a type of lute) in his hands, a flagon and a cup resting next to him, a kozak harness hanging from the oak tree and a horse … (feed) somewhere in the background.