Підготова до НМТ, Use of English

ATM

The first money giving machine (1)                     [installed, was installed, was being installed, has been installed] in New York at 1939. Its inventor, Luther George Simian, saw in his mind a machine out of a hole in the wall that will allow customers (2)                 [withdraw, to be withdrawn, withdrawing, to withdraw]money without the need to go inside a bank. At the beginning only prostitutes and gamblers used this service, so it (3)                  [disappeared, has disappeared, had disappeared, was disappearing] completely after 6 months. The real breakthrough arrived at 1969 when Donald Wetzel developed an automatic money machine for a company called Docutel – the machine was installed in Chemical Bank in New York. To make the thieves (4)                   [to turn away, turning away, turn away, being turned away]the machine was covered with thick iron. 5 years later there were already 2.000 ATMs around the United States. The cost for building and installing one was $30.000. These days there are over 400.000 machines (5)            [spreaded, spread, spreading, are spread] around the United States.

The Band-Aid

Josephine Dickinson, a housewife from New Jersey was the inspiration for her husband Earl, that (6)                      [was looking for, looked for, had been looking for, has been looking for] an efficient way to protect her from house accidents. He took a piece of gauze (7)         [had put, put, putted, has put] it on the sticky side of surgery plaster and on everything he put some crinoline so it could be rolled without (8)                   [being stuck, stuck, having been stuck, sticking]to (9)         [itself, herself, himself, hisself]. Afterwards, every time his wife cut herself, she would just take a piece of the readymade band aid instead (10)     [on, off, of, –] using a thread to tie the gauze to herself. At that time Dickin- son worked for Johnson & Johnson that were already selling hygiene products – he showed his invention to the executives that almost instantly recognized the importance of the invention.

Making a Star as an Art Buyer

Don't allow yourself (11)              [to be, to have been, to have, be] carried away by current trends. Today's "badger" may be tomorrow's flop. You need (12)                  [to expect, expect, to have expected, to be expected] a certain amount of wear and tear on any object but you should always take a closer look before (13)                  [to have been bid, to bid, bidding, having bid] on anything.

A well made object is much more likely (14)                          [to have been appreciated, to have appreciated, to be appreciated, to appreciate]in the future than an expensive piece signed by a famous name. But signed prints by (15)                   [establishing, established, being established, to be established] names keep their value better than original works by unknowns. It is helpful to have a second opinion, but your partner's tastes may not be the same as yours. Instinct is better than compromise. And what looks good in a dealer's shop may not be as attractive on your wall when you have had time to get used to it, and then you'll have to live with it.

Insects for the Dinner

(16)                   [Most, Much, A plenty of, A great amount of] Europeans and Americans would never dream of eating insects, except perhaps to win a bet or as a dare. Yet for many cultures insects are (17)     [the, a, an, -] important part of a healthy diet. Entomophagy (the practice of eating insects) is popular in Asia, Africa, Australia and South America. In all 1,417 kinds of insects (18)                 [had been eaten, have been eaten, are eaten, were eaten] by nearly 3,000 ethnic groups around the world. In Asia others can enjoy moths and dragonflies. Some African cultures eat crickets and grasshoppers. There's good reason why entomophagy is so popular around the world. Insects are very nutritious. Caterpillars, for example, contain 28 grams of protein per 100 grams, are low in fat, and are a great source of B vitamins. Also, insects are very cheap to farm. So, why do Europeans and Americans (19)           [refused, to refuse, refuse, refusing]eat insects? Some historians think that Europeans stopped eating insects because they had a reliable climate for producing meat from farm animals, and so started getting their protein this way. Whatever the reason, (20)       [while, for, in, at] the time being, Europeans and Americans will have to continue travelling abroad if they want to enjoy insect cuisine.