past modals

“They __________ have left early because of the holiday traffic.” (= Maybe they left early…)

“She __________ have passed the exam – she didn’t study at all!”

“You _________ have known that we had a test today – the teacher sent us all a message.”

“You ___________ have told me about the sale. I could have got some new shoes at a discount!”

“If he had called me, I _____________have gone to the party.”

“He __________have seen you – it was too dark.”

“He_______________ have become a doctor.” (= He had the ability to become a doctor, but he didn’t.)

“He __________ have received the message.” (= Maybe he didn’t receive the message.)

He _______ have finished by now. He has probably finished.

John ______ have broken the vase. Perhaps he did it.

She _________ have got a taxi. It wasn't necessary for her to get a taxi, but he did.

She ________ have reserved a table (but she didn't)

They _______ have informed the police about the robbery. (I'm sure)

He ______ have studied. (I'm sure he didn't)

You _____ have cooked as much food as you did last night (You did, although it was not necessary)

We _______ have given more money to charity. (It was the right thing to do)

They ________ have warned us, but they didn't.

He  _________ have gone to Russia. He doesn't have a passport.

Tom and Jack are so selfish - they  ________ have been there for you! 

I explained it to her but she _______ have  misunderstood - my Japanese isn't very good.

We'll ask at the reception desk. Someone  ________ have handed the keys in.

A: James was at the party last night.

     B: He ___________ have been. He's in Mexico.

There was so much traffic. There _______ have  been an accident.

You  ____________ have called them yesterday. Now it's too late.