Modern Urban Planning

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“A city should be built to give its inhabitants security and happiness.”- Aristotle

Cities are known to be the most innovative and complex creations of human beings. They have existed in the past and will continue to exist in the future, showcasing human growth and development. Cities are economic and social systems, that are dominating the global canvas in terms of concentration of population. They are also the principle centers of economy, consumer markets and also have a highly trained workforce. As engines of economic growth, cities are known to be creators of wealth, generators of employment and promoters of the economy. “Urban planning or city planning is a technical or political process which deals with the development and use of land, planning permission, protection, and use of the environment, public welfare and the design of the urban environment. These are also responsible for the planning and development of water use and resources, rural and agricultural land, parks and conserving areas of natural environment significance.”

As per World Urbanization Prospects –the 2014 Revision Report of Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations: India by 2030 will have 7 Mega cities with population exceeding 10 million and 2 cities of a population above 5 million. It is also estimated that by 2050 there will be over a 100 Metro cities around India. This calls for critically and objectively looking at the urban centers in terms of their pattern of growth, development and evolving strategies which make them more productive, smart, efficient, healthy and sustainable.

Some of the basic principles of building a city, considered from technical, economical and the administration point of view are as follows:

1. The city planning principally consists of fixing the baselines of all traffic movements and transit facilities, including streets, railroads, and canals. These transit facilities should be treated liberally and systematically.

2. The street network should be planned in such a way that the main streets with the existing streets should be given greater consideration. The secondary streets should be fixed based on local conditions.

3. The building departments should adhere by some rights and privileges related to fire protection, aesthetic condition, health and safety of the buildings.

4. The town or city municipal authorities should facilitate for legal measures in cases of expropriation and impropriation and should also create a law providing for the regulation of the contour of new or reconstructed blocks to be built upon.

5. Efficient use of land and infrastructure: land is essential for making improvements and should only be built upon under reservations for its subsequent use by the city. High-density development, infill development, and the adaptive re-use of the existing buildings result in efficient utilization of land resources and compact urban areas.

6. Cities are homes to complex webs of systems, and sectors, with their primary aim that ties into how a city functions. With this mind, collaboration is critical to identify innovative solutions.

7. Good urban planning addresses immediate needs while striving to achieve a city’s unique vision of the future. Long-term visions are rarely achieved through an uncoordinated application of projects.

8. The municipality should constantly supervise the activities of interested property owners associations, regarding the improvement of certain section.

The city planning principally               [consists with, consists of ]fixing the baselines of all traffic           [movements, running] and transit facilities, including         [seas, streets], railroads, and canals. These transit facilities should be          [treated, realized] liberally and systematically.

The street            [connection, network] should be planned in such a way that the       [other, main] streets with the existing streets should be given greater               [consideration, stabilization]. The secondary streets should be           [installed, fixed] based on local conditions.

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What of does the city planning principally consist?

What should adhere by some rights and privileges related to fire protection, aesthetic condition, health and safety of the buildings?