Контрольна робота №3 з теми «Проблема війни і миру в літературі ХХ ст»

Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht was a famous German writer and playwright. He was born in 1898 in the city of Augsburg in Germany. His full name was Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht.

Bertolt Brecht
In 1933 the Nazis came to power in Germany. Brecht left Germany because his ideas were dangerous for them. He lived in exile for many years. He stayed in different countries in Europe.

Mother Courage and Her Children is a famous play by Bertolt Brecht. The play is set during the Thirty Years’ War. This war lasts for many years in Europe. The main character is a woman called Mother Courage. Her real name is Ella White

Brecht also wrote poems and essays. His essays explain his theatre ideas. Brecht believed art could change society. He wanted people to see social problems. He used theatre as a tool for education.

Heinrich Böll
In 1939 the Second World War started. Heinrich Boll became a soldier. He served in the German army. The war was very hard for him. He was wounded several times. He was also taken prisoner. The war changed his life deeply.

Heinrich Boll's stories were about rich and noble people.

In 1971 Heinrich Boll received the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Heinrich Böll
His language was clear and simple. Students and readers could understand it easily. He often used first-person narration. His works were emotional and thoughtful. He used symbolism sometimes. He explored questions of morality and ethics. He believed literature can change society. He wrote about loneliness and friendship.

Paul Celan
Paul Celan was an important poet of the twentieth century. He was born in 1920 in Czernowitz, which was then part of Romania. His family was Jewish

“Death Fugue” is one of the most famous poems about the Holocaust. It was written by Paul Celan after World War Two. The poem reflects the tragedy of the Jewish people.

The title “Death Fugue” connects music and horror. A fugue is a musical form with repetition. In the poem, lines and images are repeated many times. . This creates a rhythmic and haunting effect. The repetition shows the endless suffering of the victims.

Celan believed language could carry history. He wrote simple or traditional poetry.