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Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

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Researchers monitored different children for 30 years.

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Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

The text doesn’t say how many children in the study had lung problems.

Read the text.

Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Living near a busy road doubles the chances of lung damage.

Read the text.

Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Researchers tested the children’s lungs on a monthly basis.

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Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Children living 500 metres from busy roads had 30 % less lung power.

Read the text.

Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Living near a busy road is still bad even if it’s in a low-pollution area.

Read the text.

Road pollution is a serious danger to children’s health. Researchers from the University of California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 metres of busy roads. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had weak lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have breathing problems for the rest of their lives.

The main author of the study W. James Gauderman and his team conducted their research on youngsters who lived near busy roads and in high-pollution areas. Once a year, the team measured the children’s lung power. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th birthday, children who lived within 500 metres of a highway breezed out three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometres away. Further, the highway children’s lung power was seven per cent weaker in the rate at which they could breeze out. Gauderman said that: «Even if you are in a relatively low regional pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems».

About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same area. Their lungs developed more healthily.

• Mark if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

​​​​​​​Children who moved away from roads still suffered lung problems

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Every year adults from all over the United Kingdom spend a weekend at the Avoncroft Further Education College in Birmingham. While there, they’re taught Spanish by native speakers in an informal environment. All the students have a basic knowledge in the language; nevertheless, it’s an intensive course requiring thorough concentration. Students are expected to speak the language all the time. Students are even encouraged to speak it during their lunch break.

Many of the students have chosen to learn Spanish because they believe a second language will improve their career prospects; others simply want to make themselves understood while on holiday. The course includes a great deal of conversation, focusing on practical situations like going to a restaurant, travelling on a bus or train and other things that such students need.

Its organizers believe that more people are enrolling because they find its approach both useful and relaxing. Students become less embarrassed, they say, and they then become more and more used to hearing themselves speaking the language and less anxious about making mistakes. They become self-motivated and continue their learning after they leave the center.

Many students claim that by completing the course, they develop a greater appreciation of Spanish traditions and culture. They gain confidence in the use of Spanish and this is a tremendous help to holiday makers or anyone else going to Spain for any purpose.

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The Avoncroft weekend course is for ...

Read the text.

Every year adults from all over the United Kingdom spend a weekend at the Avoncroft Further Education College in Birmingham. While there, they’re taught Spanish by native speakers in an informal environment. All the students have a basic knowledge in the language; nevertheless, it’s an intensive course requiring thorough concentration. Students are expected to speak the language all the time. Students are even encouraged to speak it during their lunch break.

Many of the students have chosen to learn Spanish because they believe a second language will improve their career prospects; others simply want to make themselves understood while on holiday. The course includes a great deal of conversation, focusing on practical situations like going to a restaurant, travelling on a bus or train and other things that such students need.

Its organizers believe that more people are enrolling because they find its approach both useful and relaxing. Students become less embarrassed, they say, and they then become more and more used to hearing themselves speaking the language and less anxious about making mistakes. They become self-motivated and continue their learning after they leave the center.

Many students claim that by completing the course, they develop a greater appreciation of Spanish traditions and culture. They gain confidence in the use of Spanish and this is a tremendous help to holiday makers or anyone else going to Spain for any purpose.

• Mark the correct variant.

Those who sign up for the course ...

Read the text.

Every year adults from all over the United Kingdom spend a weekend at the Avoncroft Further Education College in Birmingham. While there, they’re taught Spanish by native speakers in an informal environment. All the students have a basic knowledge in the language; nevertheless, it’s an intensive course requiring thorough concentration. Students are expected to speak the language all the time. Students are even encouraged to speak it during their lunch break.

Many of the students have chosen to learn Spanish because they believe a second language will improve their career prospects; others simply want to make themselves understood while on holiday. The course includes a great deal of conversation, focusing on practical situations like going to a restaurant, travelling on a bus or train and other things that such students need.

Its organizers believe that more people are enrolling because they find its approach both useful and relaxing. Students become less embarrassed, they say, and they then become more and more used to hearing themselves speaking the language and less anxious about making mistakes. They become self-motivated and continue their learning after they leave the center.

Many students claim that by completing the course, they develop a greater appreciation of Spanish traditions and culture. They gain confidence in the use of Spanish and this is a tremendous help to holiday makers or anyone else going to Spain for any purpose.

• Mark the correct variant.

In class students ...

Read the text.

Every year adults from all over the United Kingdom spend a weekend at the Avoncroft Further Education College in Birmingham. While there, they’re taught Spanish by native speakers in an informal environment. All the students have a basic knowledge in the language; nevertheless, it’s an intensive course requiring thorough concentration. Students are expected to speak the language all the time. Students are even encouraged to speak it during their lunch break.

Many of the students have chosen to learn Spanish because they believe a second language will improve their career prospects; others simply want to make themselves understood while on holiday. The course includes a great deal of conversation, focusing on practical situations like going to a restaurant, travelling on a bus or train and other things that such students need.

Its organizers believe that more people are enrolling because they find its approach both useful and relaxing. Students become less embarrassed, they say, and they then become more and more used to hearing themselves speaking the language and less anxious about making mistakes. They become self-motivated and continue their learning after they leave the center.

Many students claim that by completing the course, they develop a greater appreciation of Spanish traditions and culture. They gain confidence in the use of Spanish and this is a tremendous help to holiday makers or anyone else going to Spain for any purpose.

• Mark the correct variant.

Students learn Spanish ...

Read the text.

Every year adults from all over the United Kingdom spend a weekend at the Avoncroft Further Education College in Birmingham. While there, they’re taught Spanish by native speakers in an informal environment. All the students have a basic knowledge in the language; nevertheless, it’s an intensive course requiring thorough concentration. Students are expected to speak the language all the time. Students are even encouraged to speak it during their lunch break.

Many of the students have chosen to learn Spanish because they believe a second language will improve their career prospects; others simply want to make themselves understood while on holiday. The course includes a great deal of conversation, focusing on practical situations like going to a restaurant, travelling on a bus or train and other things that such students need.

Its organizers believe that more people are enrolling because they find its approach both useful and relaxing. Students become less embarrassed, they say, and they then become more and more used to hearing themselves speaking the language and less anxious about making mistakes. They become self-motivated and continue their learning after they leave the center.

Many students claim that by completing the course, they develop a greater appreciation of Spanish traditions and culture. They gain confidence in the use of Spanish and this is a tremendous help to holiday makers or anyone else going to Spain for any purpose.

• Mark the correct variant.

The atmosphere at the lessons is ...