HS2 2019 unit4 p81 act5

Find one Odd Word Out and write it in the gap.

1. tropical, mediterranean, arctic, consumption            

2. region, replacement, district, area            

3. to decrease, to reduce, demand, to decline       

4. frequency, frosty, icy, chilling          

5. hail, a snowflake, benefit, an icicle        

6. heavy rain, flood, tsunami, drought        

7. suitable, to ruin, to destroy, to abolish         

8. crops, to threaten, harvest, yield            

9. sunshine, sunlight, sunrays, a predator           

10. surface, violent, destructive, damaging        

11. to occur, to happen, an avalanche, to arise             

12. lightning, eruption, thunder, rainbow         

Choose and tick the CAUSES of natural disasters.

Match the word combinations with their equivalents.

Use the correct form of the verbs / words in the box to complete weather forecasts and write them in the gaps.

1. Tomorrow the south will again        warm and dry.

2. Temperature could       20C during the afternoon.

3. In the north, the day will start quite cool, but temperature will      gradually during the day.

4. Later the weather will turn cold and night-time temperature could      as low as 7C.

5. Tonight will be cold with overnight       in most parts of the country.

6. Tomorrow will also be bitterly cold with        showers in many places.

7. Rain or       will turn to snow, especially on high ground, later in the day.

8. Roads will be     and drivers are advised to take extra care.

9. At the weekend daytime temperature could fall            and there will be snow.

10. Monday will be a little warmer and by Tuesday morning the snow will begin to      .

11.      is much thicker than mist. It's often misty in the morning in the mountains.

12.          is used on weather forecasts to mean a little snow.

13. A        is a fairly strong wind, but it is not as strong as a gale.

14. If it's          , it's very dull.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you don’t need to use.

A Keep operational goals small.

B Be precise.

C Set practical goals.

D Express each goal as a positive statement.

E Set performance goals, not outcome goals.

F Write goals down.

G Set priorities.

H Derive today's goals from larger ones.

FIND YOUR DIRECTION

Goal setting is a powerful process for thinking about your ideal future, and for motivating your-self to turn this vision of the future into reality.

The process of setting goals helps you choose the ways you want to follow in life. By knowing precisely want you want to achieve, you know where you have to concentrate your efforts.

GOAL SETTING TIPS

The following broad guidelines will help you to set effective goals:

(1)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]Express your goals positively - “Apply this technique well” is a much better goal than “Don't make this stupid mistake”.

(2)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]Set an exact goal, putting in dates, time points and amounts so that you can measure achievement. If you do this, you will know exactly when you have achieved the goal, and will be able to get complete satisfaction from having achieved it.

(3)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]When you have several goals, assign a priority to each one. This helps you avoid feeling overwhelmed by too many goals, and to direct your attention to the most important things.

(4)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]When you see your goals on paper, it will let you sort them out and it gives them more force.

(5)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]It is important to set goals that you can achieve. All sorts of people (employers, parents, media, society) can set unrealistic goals for you. They will often do this in ignorance of your own desires and ambitions.

Well, properly-set goals can be incredibly motivating, and as you get into the habit of setting and achieving goals, you'll find that your self-confidence grows fast.

Read the text below. For questions (6-1)choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

INFORMATION SOCIETY

Once upon a time societies were organised on the base of religion, farming, trade or industry. In many parts of the world today this is still true, but something else is becoming more important - the exchange of information, and the technologies that we use to do this. Twenty-four-hour news, e-commerce, international call-centres, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems … all these are making the world smaller and faster.

But how can everybody in the world share the recent technological advances? Millions of people cannot read these words because they don't have access to a computer. They don't understand English either, the language that 80 % of the information is written in. They don't even have a telephone. They are more worried about how far they will have to walk today to get clean water or if they can feed themselves and their families. For most people on this planet, information is not a priority.

The contrast between countries that have information technology and those that don't is called the «digital divide». Scandinavia and South East Asia have a high number of people who use Information Communication Technologies (ICT). Central Africa and the Pacific have almost none.

The United Nations is trying to make the information society a reality for most of the developing world. This organisation wants to see rich countries transfer new technology and knowledge to poorer nations.

Ten years from now, the plan is that everybody in the world will have a radio or television and that 50 % of the world's population will have access to the Internet from schools and universities, health centres and hospitals, libraries and museums. This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment. At the same time, they say, local communities, languages and cultures will become stronger.

Just a dream? Certainly there are some contradictions. Does only good come with freedom of information? If information is power, why will people share it? Doesn't more technology mean fewer jobs? And how can the exchange of information keep local cultures alive if most of that information exists only in one language?

It is much easier to get people connected to broadband or put government online in Europe than in South America or the Middle East. However, developing countries often leapfrog the process which richer nations went through, and avoid their mistakes. Brazil collects most of its taxes online these days. There are cyber cities in Dubai and Mauritius. And Taiwan and Hong Kong have better access to ICT than the United Kingdom. Maybe the English language isn't so important after all.

Can the world create an information society for all? If a farmer in Bangladesh can read this in the year 2015, then maybe the answer is «yes».

6 The main idea of the text is that   [A, B, C, D]

A everybody in the world shares the recent technological advances.

B the exchange of information and technology development are extremely important for today's world.

C Many years ago societies didn't need the exchange of information.

D Many people cannot read because they don't have access to a computer.

7 For many people in developing countries information is not a priority because   [A, B, C, D]

A they don't want to learn English.

B they think that the use of a computer can have bad influence on their health.

C they prefer face-to-face communication.

D they have so many problems in satisfying their physical needs that they don't have time to think about modern technologies.

8 The term «digital divide» is used to describe   [A, B, C, D]

A the contrast between countries that have information technology and those that don't.

B people who principally ignore ICT.

C the regular use of ICT.

D any digital device.

9 The main reason why the United Nations wants the new technology to be spread in developing countries is to   [A, B, C, D]

A let everybody in the world have access to the Internet.

B improve the exchange of information.

C make local communities, languages and cultures stronger.

D provide the freedom of information in every place of the world.

10 According to the text, one of the challenges of spreading the informational technology is that   [A, B, C, D]

A the spread of technology doesn't obviously mean the growth of working places.

B the local cultures don't need any support.

С everybody in the world will have a radio or television.

D the freedom of information is a utopia.

11 Developing countries   [A, B, C, D]

A typically repeat the mistakes of richer nations.

B have never outstripped the richer nations in technological development.

C always have worse access to ICT than richer nations.

D sometimes leapfrog the process which richer nations went through.

Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (12-16). There are three choices you do not need to use.

A How to Avoid Flu

B How It Is Spread

C Seasonal Flu and Its Symptoms

D Seasonal Flu Jab

E Complications of Seasonal Flu

F The Infectious Period

G How Common Is It?

H Flu or a Cold?

SEASONAL FLU

(12)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Seasonal flu (also known as influenza) is a highly infectious illness caused by a flu virus.

The virus infects your lungs and upper airways, causing a sudden high temperature and general aches and pains.

You could also lose your appetite, feel nauseous and have a dry cough. You may need to stay in bed until you feel better.

Babies and small children with flu may also appear drowsy, unresponsive and floppy.

(13)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

The most common complication of seasonal flu is a bacterial chest infection. Occasionally, this can become serious and develop into pneumonia.

A course of antibiotics usually cures the bacterial infection, but it can very occasionally become life-threatening, particularly in the frail state and old age.

Other serious complications are uncommon.

(14)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Many of the symptoms of flu are similar to those of the common cold, and many people incorrectly refer to a heavy cold as flu.

Symptoms of a cold appear gradually, are not severe and affect just your nose and throat.

Symptoms of flu are more severe, causing fever and aching muscles. You will not be able to do your usual activities.

(15)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Preventing the spread of germs is the most effective way to slow the spread of flu. Always:

ensure you wash your hands regularly with soap and water,

clean surfaces regularly to get rid of germs,

use tissues to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and

put used tissues in a bin as soon as possible.

(16)   [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H]

Seasonal flu immunisation, or the flu jab, is the injection of a vaccine against flu. It gives good protection from flu that lasts for one year.

The flu jab is offered to people in at-risk groups, who are at greater risk of developing serious complications from flu. To stay protected, they need to have it every year.

The vaccine, normally available in autumn, is made from the strains of flu expected in winter.

The flu vaccines currently available give 70-80 % protection against infection, with flu virus strains closely matching those in the vaccine.

For the elderly, protection against infection may be less, but immunisation reduces the chances of pneumonia, hospital admissions and death from seasonal flu.

Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1-6) choose the correct answer.

BING, THE NEW SEARCH ENGINE OF MICROSOFT

Microsoft's new search engine, Bing, (1)               [launched, was launched, was launched, was launching] in a major ad campaign. The company hopes it (2)              [rival, rivalled, will rival, is rivalled] competitors like Yahoo and Google.

Microsoft has had a search engine for many years already. It's gone through a number of incarnations but the problem was that relatively few people ever used it. The world's largest software developer wants to change that with the launch of Bing.

Described as a «decision engine», Bing promises to make shopping, booking a flight or searching for a restaurant online easier and faster than other sites.

But some experts are asking why people would stop using Google, one of the world's most (3)        [use, using, uses, used] search engines, and start using Bing?

Microsoft says it's because 40 % of search queries on their competitor's site (4)         [go, goes, going, is gone] unanswered something they can improve on. And while it remains to be seen how (5)             [excite, exciting, excited, was excited] users will be about Bing, many advertisers already are.

Bing is stylish. Some of its features, like previewing videos without (6)         [leave, left, leaved, leaving] the site, surpass what is offered by Google. Microsoft is taking a major financial risk with Bing. It has already spent $100 m on the advertising campaign alone.

Listening 1

Listen to a student, Marcel, discussing accommodation with the accommodation officer at a university. Choose the correct answer.

1 Students should arrange their accommodation for September in…   [A, B, C]

2 Now it is…   [A, B, C]

3 Marcel cannot stay in university hall in September because…   [A, B, C]

4 Marcel dislikes the room on Old Road because…   [A, B, C]

5 The accommodation on Edward Street…   [A, B, C]

6 What will Marcel probably do next?   [A, B, C]

Listening 2

A rep on a cruise ship is describing the activities on offer to holidaymakers.
Listen. Choose true or false.

1 The swimming pool is open 24 hours a day.       [true, false]

2 You cannot use the sauna in the mornings.       [true, false]

3 You need to book to use the gym.       [true, false]

4 There are four squash courts on board.       [true, false]

5 The art class is at 2 o’clock.       [true, false]

6 There is a class in Italian cooking today.       [true, false]

7 There are limited places on the art and cooking classes.       [true, false]

8 You don’t have to pay extra to see the jazz band and comedy show.       [true, false]

9 You need a ticket to see the shows.       [true, false]

10 Today’s lecture is the same as tomorrow’s lecture.       [true, false]

Listening 3

Listen to 6 short news reports about environmental problems. Match the report to the correct photo.

1.

  [A, B, C]

2.

  [A, B, C]

3.

  [A, B, C]

4.

  [A, B, C]

5.

  [A, B, C]

6.

  [A, B, C]