Focus 3 Unit 5. Vocabulary, Grammar and Reading Test

Vocabulary

1. Complete the sentences with the missing phrasal verbs. Use the definitions in brackets to help you.

e.g. Our group is made up (consists) of a number of experts who are passionate about the environment.

1. Experts expect global warming to         (warm) the earth by several degrees in the next fifty years.

2. When I heard the bird call I knew I had to           (stretch my arm to get) my binoculars and try to see them.

3. If we wait a little while, we can see the tide begin to         (rise).

4. I went back to                (look carefully around) the campsite, but I couldn’t find my watch.

5. If they continue to cut down the forests, many types of animals will         (disappear completely) in the near future.

6. If you                   (meet) with a dangerous animal in the wild, you should not approach or frighten it.

2. Complete the sentences with the WHOLE missing words. The first letters are given.

e.g. We landed our boat on a r remote island and decided to camp there for a few days.

1. All of our lamps have low-energy b       , so we spend quite a bit less on electricity.

2. Elephants usually live in a group of ten to twenty animals which is called a h      .

3. Be careful, the ocean c         is very strong and it could pull you under the water.

4. It’s dangerous to hike on that mountain. There is a big risk of a bear e           .

5. When we stood on the mountain p      , we could see for miles in every direction.

6. A s       panel on the roof is broken. I need to phone the company and ask them to replace it.

Grammar

1. Complete the sentences with a, an, the or –.

e.g. Like most boys, I wanted to be a firefighter when I was a child.

1. 'm going to ask you just one question. If you manage to answer     question correctly, you'll pass the exam.

2. Is it true that people in     Middle Ages didn't take baths and that it led to the spread of many diseases?

3. The first European expedition reached   Australia in 1606.

4. I'd like to know if the African elephant is    endangered species.

5. Many people complain that   public transport is getting more and more expensive every year.

6. Everyone hopes that the company will present    innovative gadget at its annual conference.

2. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.

e.g. We were all surprised when John, who had never been interested in the environment, suddenly decided to become a Greenpeace activist.

1. If you have any questions about the well-being of your pet, you can ask Ben Brown,     will be our guest next week.

2. The company has just decided to expand its headquarters,       will take some two years to complete.

3. The Devil's Mouth,       two big rivers meet, is a beautiful place and a good spot for a short walk.

4. It has just turned out that professor Wellington,       theories have often been ignored, is right after all.

5. Most people in Bhutan,       is a very small country in the Himalayas, are Buddhist.

6. A national newspaper has just chosen Solihull,       I grew up, as the best place to live.

Use of English

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the order of the words. Use up to six words.

e.g. When I opened the drawer, I (come / old / book) came across an old book with beautiful pictures of exotic birds.

1. Students will (get / access / library)                           after they have filled in this form and activated their ID cards online.

2. I met Wendy at university, (we / study / biology)                  .

3. Recently we have been reminded of the fact that smog can be (problem / big / city)                         like Beijing or Paris.

4. The World Wide Fund for Nature, (headquarters / be)                           Switzerland, has over five million supporters in the world.

5. The capital city is located in (north / country)                          , some 150 km from the coast.

6. For some experts, banning cars in city centres is (best / solution / to focus)                               .

2. Complete the sentences with the correct formof the words in CAPITALS.

e.g. How many endangered species can be found in the Polish mountains? DANGER

1. In many ways, football fans are similar to        societies: they are extremely loyal to their group and they even wear the same clothes. TRIBE

2. If we use more           energy like wind and solar, there will be much less pollution. NEW

3. Many people in            countries have no access to clean water or good medical care. DEVELOP

4. Experts agree that economic        is an important factor, but they point out that we should worry about natural resources, too. GROW

5. By following the course of the         river we walked much further than if we had taken the straight road. WIND

6. There is a serious          of water in this area. SHORT

Reading

Read the text. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.

MISSING SUN

Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.

In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time. The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become. Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels.

The first idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged.

Will these changes help? The Chinese know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will make a huge difference to their lives.

1. Winter in Beijing

MISSING SUN

Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.

In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time. The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become. Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels.

The first idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged.

Will these changes help? The Chinese know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will make a huge difference to their lives.

2. In Beijing, people were photographed watching the sunrise on TV screens because

MISSING SUN

Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.

In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time. The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become. Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels.

The first idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged.

Will these changes help? The Chinese know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will make a huge difference to their lives.

3. The photograph

MISSING SUN

Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.

In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time. The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become. Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels.

The first idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged.

Will these changes help? The Chinese know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will make a huge difference to their lives.

4. What does the government plan to do to reduce pollution levels?

MISSING SUN

Pollution in many of the world’s cities is becoming a major health problem. One of the worst affected is Beijing, the capital of China. Air quality was dangerously low on fifty-eight days last year. The winter months are especially bad. This is the time of year when more coal is burned to heat people’s homes. There is also less wind to blow the smog away. At this time of year, pollution levels are sometimes twenty times higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) considers safe. This causes illnesses and on the worst days old people and children are advised to stay indoors. Visibility is sometimes so bad that motorways have to close because of the danger of accidents.

In early 2014, some newspapers and websites showed a frightening vision of the future. On a smoggy morning, residents of Beijing watched the sunrise. However, as the real one was hidden, they had to do this on giant TV screens. The smog was so thick that the real sunrise was completely invisible. While this might seem shocking, the film of the sunrise was nothing unusual. The screens show adverts all the time. The one that the people were watching that morning was for a holiday company. The same advert is shown quite often, whatever the weather. Either the photographer was lucky or he knew exactly how the image would look and waited until he got the photo he wanted. Although the news reporting was inaccurate, it might have done something to raise awareness of how bad the problem has become. Politicians, too, have finally decided that something must be done to reduce pollution levels.

The first idea is to reduce the amount of coal that people use. Factories will also be moved to areas further away from cities. Another target is older, more polluting cars. The worst offenders will be banned. In their place, greener and cleaner forms of transport will be encouraged.

Will these changes help? The Chinese know from experience that it is possible to improve air quality very quickly if necessary. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, pollution in Beijing was reduced greatly. As well as reducing traffic levels and closing factories, other methods to reduce pollution were used. These included pouring water onto roads to reduce the amount of dust flying in the air. To help with this, scientists were even able to make clouds drop more rain. Since then, things have got worse rather than better but, at last, the government seems to be determined to do something about the problem. For the people of Beijing and other large cities this will make a huge difference to their lives.

5. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games made people realise that