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Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

The news reported that someone had come ___ with information to help police catch the criminal.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

At night, noise should be kept to a ___ to avoid disturbing neighbours.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

The teacher ___ of cheating in a test but it wasn’t fair. I didn’t cheat.

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I’ve had my money’s ___with these shoes. They’re still good after 15 years!

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

I was ___ in custody overnight at the police station.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

We ___ in our written assignments to the teacher on the last Friday of term.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

This beautiful chair ___ made in Germany in the 19th century.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

How many countries ___ in your life?

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

This cake will ___ after another 20 minutes in the oven.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

Henry said he ___ help us on Saturday but he didn’t appear the whole day.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

Will you ___ using my laptop by tomorrow morning? I will need it after that.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences .

Sean ___ be ill because he always comes to our meetings, and he’s not here.

Read the article and choose the correct answer .

Getting the message across

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 72 million deaf people around the world. Deaf people and people who can hear, but can’t speak very often use a sign language to communicate with each other. There are approximately 300 sign languages in existence that were developed in different countries, and one international sign language that is simpler. Body language, involving the arms, hands and the face in particular, is used to sign messages. Many people who can hear think that sign languages are a visual interpretation of the spoken language. Surprisingly, they are wrong! This is because sign languages are based on concepts, not on words. Fingerspelling, that is spelling words if the signer doesn’t know the sign, seems to be a practical way of clarifying meaning and must be easier to learn for people who aren’t deaf.

However, sign languages do have some things in common with spoken languages. For instance, deaf communities began to develop rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to which the spoken language rules developed over time. Apparently, babies also learn sign language in a similar way to which they learn a spoken language: they first learn vocabulary signs and only afterwards start to learn about how to express these concepts more accurately, in a grammatically correct way.

Another similarity with spoken language is that we can find regional variations in the use of symbols within one signing language, just like spoken languages have different dialects.

Two important sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). As both countries share the same official spoken language, it would seem highly likely that their sign languages would be similar despite the ocean that lies between them. Curiously, this isn’t the case as their development followed different paths. In fact, it’s probable that users of these languages would find it very hard to communicate with each other! ASL has many more similarities with French Sign Language. This is because the first school for the deaf was established in 1817 in America by a man called Gallaudet – who had learned teaching methods at a school for the deaf in Paris – and Laurent Clerc, who had studied there. The first school for the deaf in the UK, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was established in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many more children in both countries learned sign language, but often not at schools, which could be expensive. Interestingly, in the twentieth century there was a lot of opposition to signing in Britain as deaf children were encouraged to learn fingerspelling and lip-reading. BSL was only recognised as an official minority language in the UK in 2003!

However, hearing people’s attitudes to deafness and to sign language have changed a lot since then. It is generally considered that the Internet and social media are largely responsible for bringing about these changes, as they have made it much easier for organisations working with the deaf

to share information about this disability with the general public. In addition, the visual media often have a sign language viewing option, which has been useful too, as it might help people understand its importance to the deaf. Finally, we shouldn’t ignore role models such as Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, who has inspired the deaf and hearing alike with his courage and has helped change attitudes towards deafness.

These days, although the number of schools where people can learn sign language has increased in many countries, it is still insufficient. Families in the UK are encouraged to learn to sign in order to communicate with a deaf family member. If they can’t get a place on a course, a practical solution is to use one of the many free websites and video resources available on the Internet. It’s easy! The United Nations is playing an important part, too. This influential organisation recently held the first International Day of Sign Languages with the theme, ‘With sign language, everyone is included!’

To conclude, some people believe children in hearing schools should learn sign language so they can better communicate with their deaf classmates and, crucially, put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality.

Which of the following is stated in the text as an opinion, not a fact?

Read the article and choose the correct answer .

Getting the message across

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 72 million deaf people around the world. Deaf people and people who can hear, but can’t speak very often use a sign language to communicate with each other. There are approximately 300 sign languages in existence that were developed in different countries, and one international sign language that is simpler. Body language, involving the arms, hands and the face in particular, is used to sign messages. Many people who can hear think that sign languages are a visual interpretation of the spoken language. Surprisingly, they are wrong! This is because sign languages are based on concepts, not on words. Fingerspelling, that is spelling words if the signer doesn’t know the sign, seems to be a practical way of clarifying meaning and must be easier to learn for people who aren’t deaf.

However, sign languages do have some things in common with spoken languages. For instance, deaf communities began to develop rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to which the spoken language rules developed over time. Apparently, babies also learn sign language in a similar way to which they learn a spoken language: they first learn vocabulary signs and only afterwards start to learn about how to express these concepts more accurately, in a grammatically correct way.

Another similarity with spoken language is that we can find regional variations in the use of symbols within one signing language, just like spoken languages have different dialects.

Two important sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). As both countries share the same official spoken language, it would seem highly likely that their sign languages would be similar despite the ocean that lies between them. Curiously, this isn’t the case as their development followed different paths. In fact, it’s probable that users of these languages would find it very hard to communicate with each other! ASL has many more similarities with French Sign Language. This is because the first school for the deaf was established in 1817 in America by a man called Gallaudet – who had learned teaching methods at a school for the deaf in Paris – and Laurent Clerc, who had studied there. The first school for the deaf in the UK, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was established in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many more children in both countries learned sign language, but often not at schools, which could be expensive. Interestingly, in the twentieth century there was a lot of opposition to signing in Britain as deaf children were encouraged to learn fingerspelling and lip-reading. BSL was only recognised as an official minority language in the UK in 2003!

However, hearing people’s attitudes to deafness and to sign language have changed a lot since then. It is generally considered that the Internet and social media are largely responsible for bringing about these changes, as they have made it much easier for organisations working with the deaf

to share information about this disability with the general public. In addition, the visual media often have a sign language viewing option, which has been useful too, as it might help people understand its importance to the deaf. Finally, we shouldn’t ignore role models such as Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, who has inspired the deaf and hearing alike with his courage and has helped change attitudes towards deafness.

These days, although the number of schools where people can learn sign language has increased in many countries, it is still insufficient. Families in the UK are encouraged to learn to sign in order to communicate with a deaf family member. If they can’t get a place on a course, a practical solution is to use one of the many free websites and video resources available on the Internet. It’s easy! The United Nations is playing an important part, too. This influential organisation recently held the first International Day of Sign Languages with the theme, ‘With sign language, everyone is included!’

To conclude, some people believe children in hearing schools should learn sign language so they can better communicate with their deaf classmates and, crucially, put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality.

According to the text:

Read the article and choose the correct answer .

Getting the message across

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 72 million deaf people around the world. Deaf people and people who can hear, but can’t speak very often use a sign language to communicate with each other. There are approximately 300 sign languages in existence that were developed in different countries, and one international sign language that is simpler. Body language, involving the arms, hands and the face in particular, is used to sign messages. Many people who can hear think that sign languages are a visual interpretation of the spoken language. Surprisingly, they are wrong! This is because sign languages are based on concepts, not on words. Fingerspelling, that is spelling words if the signer doesn’t know the sign, seems to be a practical way of clarifying meaning and must be easier to learn for people who aren’t deaf.

However, sign languages do have some things in common with spoken languages. For instance, deaf communities began to develop rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to which the spoken language rules developed over time. Apparently, babies also learn sign language in a similar way to which they learn a spoken language: they first learn vocabulary signs and only afterwards start to learn about how to express these concepts more accurately, in a grammatically correct way.

Another similarity with spoken language is that we can find regional variations in the use of symbols within one signing language, just like spoken languages have different dialects.

Two important sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). As both countries share the same official spoken language, it would seem highly likely that their sign languages would be similar despite the ocean that lies between them. Curiously, this isn’t the case as their development followed different paths. In fact, it’s probable that users of these languages would find it very hard to communicate with each other! ASL has many more similarities with French Sign Language. This is because the first school for the deaf was established in 1817 in America by a man called Gallaudet – who had learned teaching methods at a school for the deaf in Paris – and Laurent Clerc, who had studied there. The first school for the deaf in the UK, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was established in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many more children in both countries learned sign language, but often not at schools, which could be expensive. Interestingly, in the twentieth century there was a lot of opposition to signing in Britain as deaf children were encouraged to learn fingerspelling and lip-reading. BSL was only recognised as an official minority language in the UK in 2003!

However, hearing people’s attitudes to deafness and to sign language have changed a lot since then. It is generally considered that the Internet and social media are largely responsible for bringing about these changes, as they have made it much easier for organisations working with the deaf

to share information about this disability with the general public. In addition, the visual media often have a sign language viewing option, which has been useful too, as it might help people understand its importance to the deaf. Finally, we shouldn’t ignore role models such as Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, who has inspired the deaf and hearing alike with his courage and has helped change attitudes towards deafness.

These days, although the number of schools where people can learn sign language has increased in many countries, it is still insufficient. Families in the UK are encouraged to learn to sign in order to communicate with a deaf family member. If they can’t get a place on a course, a practical solution is to use one of the many free websites and video resources available on the Internet. It’s easy! The United Nations is playing an important part, too. This influential organisation recently held the first International Day of Sign Languages with the theme, ‘With sign language, everyone is included!’

To conclude, some people believe children in hearing schools should learn sign language so they can better communicate with their deaf classmates and, crucially, put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality.

ASL and BSL are different because

1. Read the article and choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.

Getting the message across

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 72 million deaf people around the world. Deaf people and people who can hear, but can’t speak very often use a sign language to communicate with each other. There are approximately 300 sign languages in existence that were developed in different countries, and one international sign language that is simpler. Body language, involving the arms, hands and the face in particular, is used to sign messages. Many people who can hear think that sign languages are a visual interpretation of the spoken language. Surprisingly, they are wrong! This is because sign languages are based on concepts, not on words. Fingerspelling, that is spelling words if the signer doesn’t know the sign, seems to be a practical way of clarifying meaning and must be easier to learn for people who aren’t deaf. However, sign languages do have some things in common with spoken languages. For instance, deaf communities began to develop rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to which the spoken language rules developed over time. Apparently, babies also learn sign language in a similar way to which they learn a spoken language: they first learn vocabulary signs and only afterwards start to learn about how to express these concepts more accurately, in a grammatically correct way.

Another similarity with spoken language is that we can find regional variations in the use of symbols within one signing language, just like spoken languages have different dialects.

Two important sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). As both countries share the same official spoken language, it would seem highly likely that their sign languages would be similar despite the ocean that lies between them. Curiously, this isn’t the case as their development followed different paths. In fact, it’s probable that users of these languages would find it very hard to communicate with each other! ASL has many more similarities with French Sign Language. This is because the first school for the deaf was established in 1817 in America by a man called Gallaudet – who had learned teaching methods at a school for the deaf in Paris – and Laurent Clerc, who had studied there. The first school for the deaf in the UK, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was established in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many more children in both countries learned sign language, but often not at schools, which could be expensive. Interestingly, in the twentieth century there was a lot of opposition to signing in Britain as deaf children were encouraged to learn fingerspelling and lip-reading. BSL was only recognised as an official minority language in the UK in 2003!

However, hearing people’s attitudes to deafness and to sign language have changed a lot since then. It is generally considered that the Internet and social media are largely responsible for bringing about these changes, as they have made it much easier for organisations working with the deaf

to share information about this disability with the general public. In addition, the visual media often have a sign language viewing option, which has been useful too, as it might help people understand its importance to the deaf. Finally, we shouldn’t ignore role models such as Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, who has inspired the deaf and hearing alike with his courage and has helped change attitudes towards deafness.

These days, although the number of schools where people can learn sign language has increased in many countries, it is still insufficient. Families in the UK are encouraged to learn to sign in order to communicate with a deaf family member. If they can’t get a place on a course, a practical solution is to use one of the many free websites and video resources available on the Internet. It’s easy! The United Nations is playing an important part, too. This influential organisation recently held the first International Day of Sign Languages with the theme, ‘With sign language, everyone is included!’

To conclude, some people believe children in hearing schools should learn sign language so they can better communicate with their deaf classmates and, crucially, put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality.

According to the text, the author says that:

Read the article and choose the correct answer .

Getting the message across

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 72 million deaf people around the world. Deaf people and people who can hear, but can’t speak very often use a sign language to communicate with each other. There are approximately 300 sign languages in existence that were developed in different countries, and one international sign language that is simpler. Body language, involving the arms, hands and the face in particular, is used to sign messages. Many people who can hear think that sign languages are a visual interpretation of the spoken language. Surprisingly, they are wrong! This is because sign languages are based on concepts, not on words. Fingerspelling, that is spelling words if the signer doesn’t know the sign, seems to be a practical way of clarifying meaning and must be easier to learn for people who aren’t deaf.

However, sign languages do have some things in common with spoken languages. For instance, deaf communities began to develop rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to which the spoken language rules developed over time. Apparently, babies also learn sign language in a similar way to which they learn a spoken language: they first learn vocabulary signs and only afterwards start to learn about how to express these concepts more accurately, in a grammatically correct way.

Another similarity with spoken language is that we can find regional variations in the use of symbols within one signing language, just like spoken languages have different dialects.

Two important sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). As both countries share the same official spoken language, it would seem highly likely that their sign languages would be similar despite the ocean that lies between them. Curiously, this isn’t the case as their development followed different paths. In fact, it’s probable that users of these languages would find it very hard to communicate with each other! ASL has many more similarities with French Sign Language. This is because the first school for the deaf was established in 1817 in America by a man called Gallaudet – who had learned teaching methods at a school for the deaf in Paris – and Laurent Clerc, who had studied there. The first school for the deaf in the UK, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was established in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many more children in both countries learned sign language, but often not at schools, which could be expensive. Interestingly, in the twentieth century there was a lot of opposition to signing in Britain as deaf children were encouraged to learn fingerspelling and lip-reading. BSL was only recognised as an official minority language in the UK in 2003!

However, hearing people’s attitudes to deafness and to sign language have changed a lot since then. It is generally considered that the Internet and social media are largely responsible for bringing about these changes, as they have made it much easier for organisations working with the deaf

to share information about this disability with the general public. In addition, the visual media often have a sign language viewing option, which has been useful too, as it might help people understand its importance to the deaf. Finally, we shouldn’t ignore role models such as Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, who has inspired the deaf and hearing alike with his courage and has helped change attitudes towards deafness.

These days, although the number of schools where people can learn sign language has increased in many countries, it is still insufficient. Families in the UK are encouraged to learn to sign in order to communicate with a deaf family member. If they can’t get a place on a course, a practical solution is to use one of the many free websites and video resources available on the Internet. It’s easy! The United Nations is playing an important part, too. This influential organisation recently held the first International Day of Sign Languages with the theme, ‘With sign language, everyone is included!’

To conclude, some people believe children in hearing schools should learn sign language so they can better communicate with their deaf classmates and, crucially, put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality.

The author believes that :