Bringing up Children

A new paper, published in the journal Developmental Psychology, suggests that the hardest time for mothers isn’t when their children are in early childhood, but later - when their children reach middle school.

The paper reports the findings from a survey of 2,247 American mothers. The participants responded to a series of questions designed to assess multiple facets of their well-being, including aspects of their personal adjustment (such as stress and life satisfaction), perceptions of their child’s behavior and aspects of their experiences as a parent. The mothers were also classified according to the ages of their children: infancy, preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school and adulthood.

The data revealed different patterns of well-being for mothers with children of different ages.

In the early years, when motherhood is often portrayed as especially demanding, mothers reported high levels of parenting “overload.” They felt that mothering crowded out time and energy for themselves and for other facets of their identities. But they also reported high levels of positive behaviors from their children and relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction overall.

By the time children reached adulthood, mothers reported significantly lower levels of parenting overload and guilt but maintained relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction. Contrary to the idea that mothers suffer from an empty nest, the data suggested that mothers of adult children enjoy relatively high levels of maternal well-being.

It was between these two periods that mothers reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with parenting, with mothers of middle-school children representing the peak. Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.

The findings suggest that some of the periods that are typically most difficult for children themselves - with the onset of puberty, a renegotiation of identities and sometimes forays into risky behavior - are also the most difficult for their mothers.

So, according to the study, eventually parenting does get easier, but it might take longer than you expect - and there might be some rough spots along the way.

How do mothers of adult children feel, based on the text?

A new paper, published in the journal Developmental Psychology, suggests that the hardest time for mothers isn’t when their children are in early childhood, but later - when their children reach middle school.

The paper reports the findings from a survey of 2,247 American mothers. The participants responded to a series of questions designed to assess multiple facets of their well-being, including aspects of their personal adjustment (such as stress and life satisfaction), perceptions of their child’s behavior and aspects of their experiences as a parent. The mothers were also classified according to the ages of their children: infancy, preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school and adulthood.

The data revealed different patterns of well-being for mothers with children of different ages.

In the early years, when motherhood is often portrayed as especially demanding, mothers reported high levels of parenting “overload.” They felt that mothering crowded out time and energy for themselves and for other facets of their identities. But they also reported high levels of positive behaviors from their children and relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction overall.

By the time children reached adulthood, mothers reported significantly lower levels of parenting overload and guilt but maintained relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction. Contrary to the idea that mothers suffer from an empty nest, the data suggested that mothers of adult children enjoy relatively high levels of maternal well-being.

It was between these two periods that mothers reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with parenting, with mothers of middle-school children representing the peak. Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.

The findings suggest that some of the periods that are typically most difficult for children themselves - with the onset of puberty, a renegotiation of identities and sometimes forays into risky behavior - are also the most difficult for their mothers.

So, according to the study, eventually parenting does get easier, but it might take longer than you expect - and there might be some rough spots along the way.

On the basis of the text, which of the following was revealed in the study?

A new paper, published in the journal Developmental Psychology, suggests that the hardest time for mothers isn’t when their children are in early childhood, but later - when their children reach middle school.

The paper reports the findings from a survey of 2,247 American mothers. The participants responded to a series of questions designed to assess multiple facets of their well-being, including aspects of their personal adjustment (such as stress and life satisfaction), perceptions of their child’s behavior and aspects of their experiences as a parent. The mothers were also classified according to the ages of their children: infancy, preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school and adulthood.

The data revealed different patterns of well-being for mothers with children of different ages.

In the early years, when motherhood is often portrayed as especially demanding, mothers reported high levels of parenting “overload.” They felt that mothering crowded out time and energy for themselves and for other facets of their identities. But they also reported high levels of positive behaviors from their children and relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction overall.

By the time children reached adulthood, mothers reported significantly lower levels of parenting overload and guilt but maintained relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction. Contrary to the idea that mothers suffer from an empty nest, the data suggested that mothers of adult children enjoy relatively high levels of maternal well-being.

It was between these two periods that mothers reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with parenting, with mothers of middle-school children representing the peak. Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.

The findings suggest that some of the periods that are typically most difficult for children themselves - with the onset of puberty, a renegotiation of identities and sometimes forays into risky behavior - are also the most difficult for their mothers.

So, according to the study, eventually parenting does get easier, but it might take longer than you expect - and there might be some rough spots along the way.

In the sentence (paragraph 6), “Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.” “to dip” is closest in meaning to:

A new paper, published in the journal Developmental Psychology, suggests that the hardest time for mothers isn’t when their children are in early childhood, but later - when their children reach middle school.

The paper reports the findings from a survey of 2,247 American mothers. The participants responded to a series of questions designed to assess multiple facets of their well-being, including aspects of their personal adjustment (such as stress and life satisfaction), perceptions of their child’s behavior and aspects of their experiences as a parent. The mothers were also classified according to the ages of their children: infancy, preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school and adulthood.

The data revealed different patterns of well-being for mothers with children of different ages.

In the early years, when motherhood is often portrayed as especially demanding, mothers reported high levels of parenting “overload.” They felt that mothering crowded out time and energy for themselves and for other facets of their identities. But they also reported high levels of positive behaviors from their children and relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction overall.

By the time children reached adulthood, mothers reported significantly lower levels of parenting overload and guilt but maintained relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction. Contrary to the idea that mothers suffer from an empty nest, the data suggested that mothers of adult children enjoy relatively high levels of maternal well-being.

It was between these two periods that mothers reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with parenting, with mothers of middle-school children representing the peak. Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.

The findings suggest that some of the periods that are typically most difficult for children themselves - with the onset of puberty, a renegotiation of identities and sometimes forays into risky behavior - are also the most difficult for their mothers.

So, according to the study, eventually parenting does get easier, but it might take longer than you expect - and there might be some rough spots along the way.

On the basis of the text, choose the variant to сomplete the senntence: The study on motherhood is conducted in order to…

A new paper, published in the journal Developmental Psychology, suggests that the hardest time for mothers isn’t when their children are in early childhood, but later - when their children reach middle school.

The paper reports the findings from a survey of 2,247 American mothers. The participants responded to a series of questions designed to assess multiple facets of their well-being, including aspects of their personal adjustment (such as stress and life satisfaction), perceptions of their child’s behavior and aspects of their experiences as a parent. The mothers were also classified according to the ages of their children: infancy, preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school and adulthood.

The data revealed different patterns of well-being for mothers with children of different ages.

In the early years, when motherhood is often portrayed as especially demanding, mothers reported high levels of parenting “overload.” They felt that mothering crowded out time and energy for themselves and for other facets of their identities. But they also reported high levels of positive behaviors from their children and relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction overall.

By the time children reached adulthood, mothers reported significantly lower levels of parenting overload and guilt but maintained relatively high levels of parenting satisfaction. Contrary to the idea that mothers suffer from an empty nest, the data suggested that mothers of adult children enjoy relatively high levels of maternal well-being.

It was between these two periods that mothers reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with parenting, with mothers of middle-school children representing the peak. Overall, life satisfaction also dipped in this period, with highs in stress, loneliness and feelings of emptiness.

The findings suggest that some of the periods that are typically most difficult for children themselves - with the onset of puberty, a renegotiation of identities and sometimes forays into risky behavior - are also the most difficult for their mothers.

So, according to the study, eventually parenting does get easier, but it might take longer than you expect - and there might be some rough spots along the way.

As suggested by the text, which of the following describes why motherhood is more difficult during the middle school years?

Choose the correct variant with the topical vocabulary to complete the sentence: _____ present it was clear: the conflict was in full swing.

Choose the variant which has the meaning closest to the underlined unit: Don’t put trust into Bill’s explanations. He often tells untrue stories.

Choose the correct variant with the topical vocabulary to complete the sentence: He is going to ______ and buy a new apartment.

Choose the correct variant with the topical vocabulary to complete the sentence: The rope was stretched ____.

Use active vocabulary to substitute the underlined words in order to paraphrase the sentence: Jenny’s conduct was very brutal. (4 words)

Use active vocabulary to substitute the underlined words in order to paraphrase the sentence: The President relied on his ministers to maintain the operations in the country. (4 words)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

He tried to be an influential приклад для наслідування for his child. (2 words)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Discipline is difficult to deal with because it вимагає послідовності (2 words)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

The children will завжди test their parents' patience. (3 words)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

If you neglect your children in the future they are sure to make your life справді awful. (1 word)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Do not pretend that you didn’t spoil the computer. I know it was твоїх рук справа. (2 words)

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Did you try telling Sarah простими словами what you expect from her? (3 words)

Choose the correct variant with the topical vocabulary to complete the sentence: The car developed engine trouble and I knew _____.

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: You have overrun your credit card ___ $100

Select ONE lexical unit that DOES NOT collocate with the noun child:

Choose the variant which has the meaning closest to the original sentence: Each student, if we give him enough support, is capable of success.

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: The noisy company installed themselves ____ the back row.

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Do you always (тримаєш на короткому повідку) on your children. (4 words)

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: Mr Williams tried to keep a tight rein____ his wife, but he failed.

Choose the variant which has the meaning closest to the original sentence: My sister spent a lot of money on a new dress.

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Generation gap is the subject яку багато обговорюють (3 words)

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: Her private life is the subject ____ much speculation

Translate the underlined units from Ukrainian into English using topical vocabulary:

Discipline is essential because otherwise children will always випробовуватимуть parents` feelings (1 word)

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: The job seemed to fit ___ like a glove

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: The Parliament wanted to tighten … on the law on fire precautions in flats

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: The house was completely overrun … rats

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: The new boots pinch … me

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: I’m afraid we’ll have to tighten… our belts

Choose the variant which CANNOT be used to logically complete the sentence: The scientists are still speculating … the harm of corporal punishment

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: Mike felt as if someone had splashed cold water … his head

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: Ruth runs ... a tight ship and has no time for others

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: You’d better take his words … a pinch of salt

Choose the variant to logically complete the sentence: It’s compulsory to wear life jackets … all times when boating

Choose a correct synonym for the provided unit

causing problems, noise

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complicated and refined

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changing too often and not staying the same

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set boundaries

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give appropriate tasks to be achieved

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keep

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to be in

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given

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to be provided

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splash

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install

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resume

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tighten

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economize

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overrun