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Art Trends and Styles
Art is fantastic and unexpected. There are many different trends in painting, each with its own history and rules. Let’s look at the most important ones.
Folk Art
Folk art covers all forms of visual art made within folk culture. Generally, these objects have a practical use. It uses materials that are easily available and reproduces familiar shapes. Folk art was created to serve a function in daily life, and its makers are normally trained within a popular tradition rather than a formal artistic one.
Icon
An icon is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting. It is central to the culture of Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and certain Eastern Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion. The most common subjects include Christ, Mary, saints, and angels.
Primitive Art (Primitivism)
Primitivism is an aesthetic idealization that recreates "primitive" experience. Painters imitate the style of people living beyond modern civilization. This art has no interest in realism; its purpose is to engage with the spirit world. Images, masks, and statues are seen with the "eye of magic" and do not follow the laws of perspective.
Abstract Art
Abstract art uses a visual language of shape, form, color, and line to create a composition. It is often based on an object, figure, or landscape where forms have been simplified. Abstraction means a departure from reality. Total abstraction bears no reference to anything recognizable.
Avant-garde
Avant-garde works are experimental, radical, and unorthodox. Being avant-garde involves exploring new artistic methods and experimenting with new techniques to produce "better" art. It pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm. It has become a symbol of progress, exploration, and innovation.
Classicism
Classicism refers to a high regard for classical antiquity in the Western tradition. It is renowned for its harmony, balance, and sense of proportion. In painting and sculpture, it employs idealized human figures and treats subjects in an emotionally neutral manner. Color is always subordinated to line and composition.
Futurism
Futurism originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was fascinated by the new industry and emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence. It focused on objects like cars, airplanes, and industrial cities. Futurists used elements of Cubism to express "dynamism" — the energy and movement of modern life.
Impressionism
Developed in the early 1860s, Impressionism changed how artists work. Instead of painting in a studio, artists worked in the open air to capture the momentary effects of sunlight. Brushwork became rapid and broken into separate dots to show the fleeting quality of light. They replaced historical events with visible strokes of modern scenes.
Realism
Realism (or naturalism) is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality or supernatural elements. It is the accurate depiction of life forms, perspective, and the details of light. Realist artists rejected heightened emotion and focused on everyday life in portraits, landscapes, and history painting.