11. НМТ/ЗНО. Nature and the environment.

The word “eventual” is closest in meaning to __________.

In the passage the word “crust” is closest in meaning to __________.

The word “roughly” is closest in meaning to __________.

The word “rate” is closest in meaning to __________.

The verb “content” is closest in meaning to __________.

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”

WHY DO TREE LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE AUTUMN?

Chlorophyll is the dominant pigment in green (1) __________ and gives tree leaves their green color in the summer. Other pigments are also present but are masked by the abundant chlorophyll. As the (2) __________ shortens in autumn and the nights become cooler, trees “sense” the coming of winter and (3) __________ to shed their leaves. Deprived of water and nutrients, a leaf’s chlorophyll breaks down and the green color (4) __________ while the yellow and orange pigments become more prominent. Some leaves turn red and purple. This is (5) __________ the cold nights, which cause the breakdown of sugars and their conversion into red and purple pigmentation. The best autumn weather (6) __________ for good leaf color are sunny days followed by clear, cool nights with temperatures below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Because trees (7) __________ their leaves in autumn we call this season “fall.”