Residential and Industrial Buildings

THEME: Residential and Industrial Buildings

“The mother art is architecture. Without an architecture of our own we have no soul of our own civilization.”

                                                                                                      Frank Lloyd Wright 

Read, write and learn the following words and word combinations:

major головний

issue питання, проблема

to utilize використати

to require вимагати

to afford дозволяти

advantages переваги

to depend upon залежати від

modern amenities сучасні зручності

technological advance технологічний прогрес

offsite prefabrication фабричне виготовлення

Read and translate the text.

The first houses were built for the purpose of protecting their owners from the weather and, therefore, were very simple – a roof to keep off the rain or snow, and walls to keep out the wind. The buildings erected now can be divided into two broad classifications: they are either for housing or for industrial purposes.

Housing is prominent among the factors affecting the level of living. Any architect emphasizes the importance of the housing improvement, this improvement representing a concrete and visible rise in the general level of living.

Building industry has brought to life new methods and techniques of construction with great emphasis upon standardization, new levels of technological advance utilizing such techniques as offsite prefabrication, use of reinforced concrete panels and large-scale site planning. At present prefabricated structures may be classified into two principal groups – for residential houses and industrial buildings.

It must be mentioned that with the building industry requiring skilled workers, building engineers and architects, managerial staff and designers, it employs a considerable proportion of the qualified specialists.

Present-day designs for residential construction envisage all modern amenities for a dwelling, they advocate large, better built and better equipped flats and houses. There is a marked improvement in the heating and ventilating systems as well as in hot-water supply, kitchen and sanitary fittings. Many tenants now can afford better furnishing, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. A house which is a physical environment where a family lives is acquiring a new and modern look.

Industrial buildings comprise another significant type of construction. This type of construction involves factories, laboratories, food processing plants, mines, office buildings, stores, garages, hangars and other storage facilities, exhibition halls, etc.

Each of these functions demands its own structural solutions and techniques. But in general they may be divided into two classes according to whether the plan must give greater attention to the size and movement of machinery or of persons. The building techniques (by techniques we mean building materials and methods) depend upon the types of buildings. Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, glass walls and prefabricated standardized mass produced parts.

Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms.

to affect, to require, houses, to bring into being, to demand, to use, to influence, dwellings, conveniences, housing, prefabricated, to utilize, to bring to life, amenities, residential construction, factory-made, present-day, significant, skilled, technological development, importance, flat, qualified, technological advance, important, apartment, modern, significance.

Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false.

1. Housing does not affect the level of living.

2. Not much attention is paid to the problems of construction.

3. Modern residential houses and industrial buildings are mostly built of bricks and timber.

4. The building techniques depend upon the types of buildings.

5. Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of plastics and ceramics.

6. Building industry has brought to life new methods and techniques of construction.

 Fill in the gaps using the words below.

requires, planning, includes, amenities, design, level, qualities, requirements

1. Building industry … residential, public and industrial construction.

2. Architecture is aimed to fulfil the practical and expressive … of civilized people.

3. One of the architect’s functions is to deal with town … .

4. Special ... are required of an architect.

5. Building industry … skilled workers, building engineers, architects and designers.

6. Present-day designs for residential construction envisage all modern … for a dwelling.

7. An architect must have a talent for creative ... and have skill in math and science.

8. Housing is prominent among the factors affecting the … of living.