PARTS OF A BUILDING

ТЕМА: PARTS OF A BUILDING

Learn new words and write down into your exercise-books.

Active Vocabulary

framework - каркас

beams - балки

cracks - тріщини

fire-resisting - вогнестійкий

solid - твердий

hollow - порожнистий

artificial materials - штучні матеріали

Read and translate the following text.

PARTS OF A BUILDING

Almost everyone saw the construction of a building and followed its progress with interest.

First the excavation for the basement, then the foundation walls below ground level are constructed; after this the framework is erected and clothed with, various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safety carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roof s and other parts of the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.

The architect or designer must decide, what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make-up the framework will be and how they will be placed and arranged.

Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.

Foundations serve to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost to prevent them from sinking and settling which cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Floors divide the building into stories.They may be either of timber or of a fire-resisting material. Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the walls construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural or artificial materials.

Complete the following sentences:

1. The excavation is dug ... .

2. The stability of the structure depends upon … .

3. The building is divided into stories by … .

4. The main parts of a building are ... .

Read and translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian:

several coat of paint; stability of the structure; size of the walls; to keep the floors from contact with the soil; fire-resisting materials; natural and artificial materials. 

Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following:

progress – ________________________________________________

foundation walls – _________________________________________

below ground level – _______________________________________

parts of the building – ______________________________________

the loads – ________________________________________________

must be carefully proportioned – ______________________________

to prevent them from sinking – _______________________________

fire-resisting material – ______________________________________

the weight of floors – _______________________________________

brick – ___________________________________________________

to tie the walls – ___________________________________________

natural materials – _________________________________________

to protect from exposure to weather – 

Translate the text and say whether these statements are true or false:

1. First the excavation is dug for the framework.

2. The foundation walls are constructed above ground level.

3. The framework is clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

4. The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the basement.

5. The walls and other parts of the building must be carefully proportioned.

6. The architect must decide what the size of the floors, the beams and the girders must be.

7. Sinking and settling of a construction can cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

8. Floors may be of timber only.

9. The materials used for the wall construction can be natural only.

10. Roofs cover the building and protect it from settling.

Choose the correct variant:

1. The framework is intended for safely carrying …

a) the weight of the walls.

b) the weight of the  doors and roofs.

c) the loads imposed.

2. Foundations guard the walls against the action of …

a) sun.

b) frost.

c) thunder.

3. Floors may be …

a) neither of timber nor of a fire-resisting material.

b) of a fire-resisting material only.

c) either of timber or of a fire-resisting material.

4. The materials used for the wall construction can be …

a) natural only.

b) artificial only.

c) natural and artificial.